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Previous research suggests that these variables share an association with executive functioning deficits, and are intertwined. The sample comprised 427 adolescents (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    age\u00a0=\u00a016 years) attending remedial schools and 276 adolescents (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0age\u00a0=\u00a015 years) attending a mainstream school in Cape Town, South Africa. Participants completed anonymous self\u2010report questionnaires. Results indicated that adolescents without learning difficulties were more likely to use tobacco, methamphetamine and cannabis, whereas those with learning difficulties engaged in more inhalant use. Adolescents who had more sleep problems were more likely to use tobacco, alcohol, methamphetamine, cannabis, inhalants, cocaine, ecstasy and any other illegal drug. Adolescents with learning difficulties had more sleep problems than those without learning difficulties. However, sleep problems remained independently associated with tobacco, cannabis and inhalant use when learning difficulties were taken into account.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.09.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,17]],"date-time":"2010-10-17T04:13:53Z","timestamp":1287288833000},"page":"717-726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Associations among sleep problems, learning difficulties and substance use in adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Nuraan","family":"Fakier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa"},{"name":"Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit South African Medical Research Council PO Box 19070 Tygerberg 7505 South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren G.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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