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Growth curve modeling was used to estimate changes in substance use and sexual risk across adolescence and test their association with parent and peer factors. Parent and peer risk factors were strongly associated with increasing substance use as youth aged. Substance use and condom use were interrelated. Parent and peer <jats:italic>risk<\/jats:italic> factors were indirectly associated with youth condom use; parent and peer <jats:italic>promotive<\/jats:italic> factors were directly associated with condom use, after accounting for substance use. Findings suggest the value of considering multiple influences on youth risk behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,15]],"date-time":"2010-12-15T09:30:33Z","timestamp":1292405433000},"page":"1035-1047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Do parents and peers matter? 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