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The present study examined the role of school strategies to promote safety in predicting students\u2019 perceptions of safety for gender nonconforming peers among 1415 students in 28 high schools. Using multilevel modeling techniques, we examined student\u2010 and school\u2010level effects on students\u2019 perceptions of safety for gender nonconforming peers. We found that older students, bisexual youth, Latino youth, and youth who experienced school violence perceived their gender nonconforming male peers to be less safe. Similarly, we found that older students and students who experienced school violence and harassment due to gender nonconformity perceived their gender nonconforming female peers to be less safe. At the school\u2010level, we found that when schools included lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) issues in the curriculum and had a Gay\u2010Straight Alliance, students perceived their schools as safer for gender nonconforming male peers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2011.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,15]],"date-time":"2011-04-15T17:53:13Z","timestamp":1302889993000},"page":"187-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Heteronormativity, school climates, and perceived safety for gender nonconforming peers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Russell B.","family":"Toomey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John &amp; Doris Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences University of Arizona 650 North Park Avenue, P.O. Box 210078 Tucson AZ 85721\u20130078 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenifer K.","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University Human Development, 512 Johnson Tower, P.O. Box 644852 Pullman WA 99164\u20104852 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John &amp; Doris Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences University of Arizona 650 North Park Avenue, P.O. 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