{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:51:32Z","timestamp":1792806692469,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]],"date-time":"2015-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]],"date-time":"2015-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Adolescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identity formation is one of the main developmental tasks of emerging adulthood. Based on quantitative data on a five\u2010dimensional model of identity formation, we concluded that the identity formation process has some different features in the Republic of Georgia than it does in many Western countries. Results obtained from young Georgian adults (N = 295, 82.6% female) yielded four exploration processes instead of three, which is in line with the recent Swiss findings. A key difference between Georgia and the Western contexts, however, is that exploration in breadth is highly correlated with ruminative exploration. Cluster analysis, which produced six identity clusters, also supported this pattern. Achievement, the most adjusted cluster in Western contexts, was relatively low on exploration in breadth. We discuss ways in which the Georgian transition from Soviet communism to a more globalized society may contribute to limited opportunities for identity exploration and may add some tension to the identity development process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]],"date-time":"2015-09-04T14:08:43Z","timestamp":1441375723000},"page":"197-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Identity processes and statuses in post\u2010Soviet Georgia: Exploration processes operate differently"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Nino","family":"Skhirtladze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"Javakhishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth J.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Beyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Luyckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1996.0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003\u2013066X.57.10.774"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2013066X.63.7.602"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","volume-title":"Human development: a cultural approach","author":"Arnett J.J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the psychology conference, 4\u20135, Tbilisi","author":"Arutinov L.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the psychology conference, 5\u20136\u2010Tbilisi","author":"Arutinov L.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1996.0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II","author":"Beck A.T.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2010.512748"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2007.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"W.Beyers K.Luyckx.Ruminative exploration and reconsideration of commitment as risk factors for suboptimal identity development in adolescence and emerging adulthoodPaper presented on 14th conference of European association of research on adolescence \u00c7e\u015fme Turkey.2014 Presentation retrieved fromwww.vopspsy.ugent.be"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/drev.2000.0514"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022113480038"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","volume-title":"Arrested adulthood: the changing nature of identity and maturity in the late\u2010modern world","author":"C\u00f4t\u00e9 J.E.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14748460500372382"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410612199"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X05275965"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566\u2013014\u20139275\u20139"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2011.576858"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964\u2013007\u20139222\u20132"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2007.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","volume-title":"Identity: Youth and crises","author":"Erikson E.H.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1996.0046"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012691360-6\/50012-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074355488723003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0999152X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532480XADS0703_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7988-9_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","volume-title":"Interventions for adolescent identity development. 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