{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:07:59Z","timestamp":1790690879738,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]],"date-time":"2015-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]],"date-time":"2015-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Adolescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Identity Capital Model proposes that forms of personal agency are associated with identity development as part of the transition to adulthood. This model was examined in two cultural contexts, taking into account age and gender, among college and university students aged 18 to 24 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0995). Confirmatory Factor Analyses verified cultural, age, and gender invariance of the two key operationalizations of the model. A Structural Equation Model path analysis confirmed that the model applies in both cultures with minor variations\u2014types of personal agency are associated with the formation of adult\u2010 and societal\u2010identities as part of the resolution of the identity stage. It was concluded that forms of personal agency providing the most effective ways of dealing with \u201cindividualization\u201d (e.g., internal locus of control) are more important in the transition to adulthood among American students, whereas types of personal agency most effective in dealing with \u201cindividualistic collectivism\u201d (e.g., ego strength) are more important among Japanese students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]],"date-time":"2015-11-21T19:03:14Z","timestamp":1448132594000},"page":"76-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["An examination of the cross\u2010cultural validity of the Identity Capital Model: American and Japanese students compared"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"James E.","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Mizokami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon E.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renison University College at the University of Waterloo Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Nakama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyogo University of Teacher Education Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Do perceptions matter regarding the costs and benefits of a post\u2010secondary education? 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