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This study assesses the possible moderating role of cognitive flexibility, which is one index of executive functioning that facilitates flexible and adaptive responses to challenging situations. We assessed the interactive influence of peer delinquency and cognitive flexibility in the association between pubertal maturation and externalizing behaviors in boys and girls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 220 adolescents (111 boys) from the United States, between the ages of 11 and 16 years (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> = 13.2, <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> = 1.53) who participated in the Adolescent Emotion Study (AES).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings from the cross\u2010sectional path modeling analyses provided evidence for the mediating role of peer delinquency for boys and girls, indicating that early maturing adolescents tend to affiliate with delinquent peers, which in turn exacerbates externalizing problems. Additionally, the moderating role of cognitive flexibility was also demonstrated for both boys and girls. Region of significance tests revealed that relatively well\u2010developed cognitive flexibility skills could protect against the adverse influences of peer delinquency, whereas lower levels could exacerbate those negative influences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that involvement with deviant peers increases vulnerability for both early maturing boys and girls. Additionally, cognitive flexibility was an important moderating factor for adolescents, such that youths with less developed skills would be at a higher risk for psychopathology, whereas those with better development could be protected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2020.07.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T09:02:15Z","timestamp":1598259735000},"page":"45-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Early pubertal maturation and externalizing behaviors: Examination of peer delinquency as mediator and cognitive flexibility as a moderator"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Sofia T.","family":"Stepanyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue Riverside CA 92521 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