{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T03:08:27Z","timestamp":1771556907030,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Government of Japan Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K07715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K07715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Government of Japan Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K10899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K10899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advancesradonc.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T18:27:57Z","timestamp":1736620077000},"page":"101705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Phase I\/II Study of Ultra-Hypofractionated Carbon-ion Radiation therapy for Low- and Intermediate-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9486-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Okonogi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mio","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuri","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takanobu","family":"Utsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyoshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Akakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0001","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0002","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.5143","article-title":"Changes in prostate-specific antigen testing relative to the revised US preventive services task force recommendation on prostate cancer screening","volume":"8","author":"Leapman","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30102-4","article-title":"Conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 CHHiP trial","volume":"17","author":"Dearnaley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.71.7397","article-title":"Randomized trial of a hypofractionated radiation regimen for the treatment of localized prostate cancer","volume":"35","author":"Catton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2021.07.005","article-title":"Impact of hypofractionated radiotherapy on patient-reported outcomes in prostate cancer: Results up to 5 yr in the CHHiP trial (CRUK\/06\/016)","volume":"4","author":"Staffurth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01097","article-title":"Hypofractionated radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: An ASTRO, ASCO, and AUA evidence-based guideline","volume":"36","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.04.039","article-title":"Accelerating prostate stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy: Efficacy and toxicity of a randomized phase II study of 11 versus 29 days overall treatment time (PATRIOT)","volume":"149","author":"Alayed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31131-6","article-title":"Ultra-hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the HYPO-RT-PC randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial","volume":"394","author":"Widmark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00517-4","article-title":"Intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus stereotactic body radiotherapy for prostate cancer (PACE-B): 2-year toxicity results from an open-label, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"23","author":"Tree","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.2307\/3579114","article-title":"A statistical theory of cell killing by radiation of varying linear energy transfer","volume":"140","author":"Hawkins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1126\/science.174.4014.1131","article-title":"Radiological physics characteristics of the extracted heavy ion beams of the bevatron","volume":"174","author":"Tobias","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.10328","article-title":"Phase I\/II clinical trials of carbon ion therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"58","author":"Akakura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.04.022","article-title":"Hypofractionated radiotherapy with carbon ion beams for prostate cancer","volume":"63","author":"Tsuji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2006.08.015","article-title":"Carbon ion radiation therapy for prostate cancer: results of a prospective phase II study","volume":"81","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2012.02961.x","article-title":"Carbon-ion radiation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"19","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.10.009","article-title":"A multi-institutional analysis of prospective studies of carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A report from the Japan Carbon ion-Radiation Oncology Study Group (J-CROS)","volume":"121","author":"Nomiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14041","article-title":"Particle therapy for prostate cancer: The past, present and future","volume":"26","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14950","article-title":"Carbon-ion radiotherapy for urological cancers","volume":"29","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/8\/3271","article-title":"Reformulation of a clinical-dose system for carbon-ion radiotherapy treatment planning at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan","volume":"60","author":"Inaniwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0021","article-title":"ICRU Report 93\u2014Prescribing, recording and reporting light ion beam therapy","volume":"16","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. ICRU"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0022","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) Version 4.03. Accessed April 14, 2024. https:\/\/ctep.cancer.gov\/protocoldevelopment\/electronic_applications\/ctc.htm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00060-C","article-title":"Toxicity criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)","volume":"31","author":"Cox","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.04.029","article-title":"Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: Recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix Consensus Conference","volume":"65","author":"Roach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5672","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3501313","article-title":"Performance of the NIRS fast scanning system for heavy-ion radiotherapy","volume":"37","author":"Furukawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00544-6","article-title":"Biophysical characteristics of HIMAC clinical irradiation system for heavy-ion radiation therapy","volume":"44","author":"Kanai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6721","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/22\/008","article-title":"Treatment planning for a scanned carbon beam with a modified microdosimetric kinetic model","volume":"55","author":"Inaniwa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.12.044","article-title":"Adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy on persistent genitourinary complications after carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer","volume":"72","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0029","first-page":"186","article-title":"Urinary adverse effects of pelvic radiotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Liberman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2020.08.012","article-title":"RBE variation in prostate carcinoma cells in active scanning proton beams: in-vitro measurements in comparison with phenomenological models","volume":"77","author":"Khachonkham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00568-X","article-title":"Relative biological effectiveness for cell-killing effect on various human cell lines irradiated with heavy-ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) carbon-ion beams","volume":"48","author":"Suzuki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5045","article-title":"The clinical relative biological effectiveness and prostate-specific antigen kinetics of carbon-ion radiotherapy in low-risk prostate cancer","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12947","article-title":"Extreme hypofractionated proton radiotherapy for prostate cancer using pencil beam scanning: dosimetry, acute toxicity and preliminary results","volume":"63","author":"Kube\u0161","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4571","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15184571","article-title":"5-years analysis of effectivity and toxicity of ultra-hypofractionated proton radiotherapy in the treatment of low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer-a retrospective analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kube\u0161","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.12637","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of hydrogel spacer injection space OAR in men submitted to hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer","volume":"35","author":"Pepe","year":"2021","journal-title":"In Vivo"}],"container-title":["Advances in Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452109424002689?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452109424002689?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T18:22:41Z","timestamp":1762626161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2452109424002689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2452109424002689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-1094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-1094","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Phase I\/II Study of Ultra-Hypofractionated Carbon-ion Radiation therapy for Low- and Intermediate-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Advances in Radiation Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101705","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Radiation Oncology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101705"}}