{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:52:36Z","timestamp":1791204756373,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Medical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T18:05:47Z","timestamp":1781201147000},"page":"230-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Etiology of heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum and association with mortality \u2013 insight from the HEart failuRe ObsErvational study (HEROES)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1033-2793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Tarnowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Molenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Morawiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Galas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Byczkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Siniarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Tymi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"\u017barek-Starzewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Kasprzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Dro\u017cd\u017c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Gorczyca-G\u0142owacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-025-00728-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of heart failure and its underlying causes, 1990\u20132021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"13","author":"Ran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valente V, Laborante R, Abdin A, et al. The global epidemiology of heart failure: a comprehensive and contemporary review. Eur J Heart Fail. Published online April 7, 2026. doi:10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag121.","DOI":"10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag121"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.09.044","article-title":"The impact of comorbidity patterns on clinical outcomes in heart failure: a machine learning-based cluster analysis","volume":"259","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.074","article-title":"Heart failure with preserved, borderline, and reduced ejection fraction: 5-year outcomes","volume":"70","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.02.008","article-title":"Myocardial metabolic remodeling in human end-stage ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"214","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-025-01392-9","article-title":"Age-based analysis of the SEC-Excelente-HF registry: clinical characteristics and prognosis of a prospective cohort of heart failure patients","author":"Esteban-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","article-title":"2023 focused update of the 2021 ESC guidelines for heart failure","volume":"44","author":"McDonagh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab395","article-title":"2021 ESC\/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"43","author":"Vahanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.16630","article-title":"The fraction we know: heart failure phenotypes and their clinical outcomes","volume":"133","author":"Kamsani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib10","article-title":"Global epidemiology of ischemic heart disease: results from the global burden of disease study","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.01.011","article-title":"Heart failure etiology impacts survival of patients with heart failure","volume":"149","author":"Pecini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.02.015","article-title":"Outcomes and effect of treatment according to etiology in HFrEF: analysis of PARADIGM-HF","volume":"7","author":"Balmforth","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2115","article-title":"Universal definition and classification of heart failure","volume":"23","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa158","article-title":"Time to rename the middle child of heart failure: heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction","volume":"41","author":"Lam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020341","article-title":"Ischemic cardiomyopathy versus non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"11","author":"Tyminska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2020.04.004","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.33963\/v.phj.103877","article-title":"Rationale, objectives, and design of the HEROES study","volume":"83","author":"Dro\u017cd\u017c","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013441","article-title":"Noncardiac versus cardiac mortality in heart failure across EF spectrum","volume":"8","author":"Vergaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2025.03.037","article-title":"Etiology of heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum and association with prognosis","volume":"13","author":"Kozman","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-314256","article-title":"Epidemiology and long-term outcome in outpatients with chronic heart failure in Northwestern Europe","volume":"105","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib21","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with heart failure","volume":"132","author":"Rywik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.11.019","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic implications of longitudinal EF change in heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Savarese","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00605-5","article-title":"Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction","volume":"19","author":"Savarese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/213626","article-title":"Baseline characteristics of patients from the HEROES study","volume":"21","author":"Nadel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.03.025","article-title":"Understanding heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction","volume":"4","author":"Lam","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2169","article-title":"Identification of phenotypic clusters in HFpEF","volume":"23","author":"Uijl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy531","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction in HFpEF: promis-hfpef","volume":"39","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib28","article-title":"Significance of ischemic heart disease in HF across EF spectrum","volume":"10","author":"Vedin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib29","first-page":"336","volume":"vol. 83","author":"Rywik","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac240","article-title":"Unfavourable outcomes in patients with heart failure with higher preserved left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"24","author":"Ohte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020426","article-title":"Supra-normal ejection fraction at hospital admission stratifies mortality risk in HFpEF patients aged \u2265 70 years","volume":"14","author":"Sonaglioni","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Advances in Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1896112626000258?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1896112626000258?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:10:28Z","timestamp":1791202228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1896112626000258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1896112626000258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1896-1126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1896-1126","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Etiology of heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum and association with mortality \u2013 insight from the HEart failuRe ObsErvational study (HEROES)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Advances in Medical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advms.2026.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Medical University of Bialystok. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}