{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T21:07:01Z","timestamp":1793826421710,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T08:25:45Z","timestamp":1740039945000},"page":"100394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin D Status as a Risk Factor for Tuberculosis Infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5872-0146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norah","family":"Tabsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Bilezikian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae009","article-title":"Consensus statement on vitamin D status assessment and supplementation: whys, whens, and hows","volume":"45","author":"Giustina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib2","series-title":"Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism","author":"Sareen","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac719","article-title":"Consensus and controversial aspects of vitamin D and COVID-19","volume":"108","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065202","article-title":"Tuberculosis: pathogenesis, current treatment regimens and new drug targets","volume":"24","author":"Alsayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib6","series-title":"Rate of new tuberculosis cases","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib7","series-title":"Draft global strategy and targets for tuberculosis prevention, care and control after 2015","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib8","series-title":"Companion Handbook to the WHO Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib9","unstructured":"2024 NPOA. Niels Ryberg Finsen \u2013 Facts. [Internet]. NobelPrize.org.; Available from: https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/medicine\/1903\/finsen\/facts\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.873890","article-title":"The progress\u00a0of the prevention and treatment of vitamin D to tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2017.07.010","article-title":"Regulation of immune function by vitamin D and its use in diseases of immunity","volume":"46","author":"Vanherwegen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib12","series-title":"Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Diseases","first-page":"61","article-title":"Chapter 4 \u2013 Cathelicidin in gastrointestinal disorders","author":"Shen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5768","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933","article-title":"Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response","volume":"311","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2024.148679","article-title":"Association of CYP27B1 gene polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis and vitamin D levels","volume":"927","author":"Murugesan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12480","article-title":"The innate immune response in human tuberculosis","volume":"17","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0360","article-title":"Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans","volume":"89","author":"Armas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib17","series-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib18","first-page":"159","article-title":"Vitamin D3, gamma interferon, and control of proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human monocytes","volume":"57","author":"Rook","year":"1986","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915176","article-title":"Vitamin D supplements for prevention of tuberculosis infection and disease","volume":"383","author":"Ganmaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60050685","article-title":"Comparative study of vitamin D levels in newly diagnosed tuberculosis and a normal population","volume":"60","author":"Mamadapur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib21","series-title":"Endotext [Internet]","article-title":"Vitamin D: Production, Metabolism and Mechanisms of Action. [Updated 2021 Dec 31]","author":"Bikle","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020499","article-title":"Does the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in African Americans contribute to health disparities?","volume":"13","author":"Ames","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir378","article-title":"Racial differences in tuberculosis infection in United States communities: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study","volume":"53","author":"Nahid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-2975","article-title":"Disparities in tuberculosis incidence by race and ethnicity among the U.S.-born population in the United States, 2011 to 2021","volume":"177","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.9704036","article-title":"Tuberculosis and race\/ethnicity in the United States: impact of socioeconomic status","volume":"157","author":"Cantwell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib26","article-title":"Are sun exposure time, dietary patterns, and vitamin D intake related to the socioeconomic status of Portuguese children?","volume":"36","author":"Dos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2022.57","article-title":"Low socioeconomic status predicts vitamin D status in a cross-section of Irish children","volume":"11","author":"Scully","year":"2022","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nutr. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31817525df","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children with tuberculosis","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.9.944","article-title":"Seasonality of tuberculosis: the reverse of other respiratory diseases in the UK","volume":"51","author":"Douglas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-349","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection, tuberculin skin test and vitamin D status in contacts of tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional and case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Arnedo-Pena","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Advances in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2161831325000304?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2161831325000304?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T22:03:41Z","timestamp":1744841021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2161831325000304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2161831325000304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394","relation":{},"ISSN":["2161-8313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-8313","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vitamin D Status as a Risk Factor for Tuberculosis Infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Advances in Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100394","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100394"}}