{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:48:48Z","timestamp":1785174528550,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","endocrinologydiabetes.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T10:38:12Z","timestamp":1762598292000},"page":"145-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of Thyroid Hormones in Patients with Hypothyroidism and Euthyroidism in the United States: American Association of Clinical Endocrinology International Collaboration with the THESIS Investigators"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6930-9629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie S.","family":"Eldeiry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Attanasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Heged\u00fcs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Negro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Papini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Perros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Gharib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endre Vezekenyi","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milos","family":"\u017darkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Garber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvac172","article-title":"Hypothyroidism prevalence in the United States: a retrospective study combining National health and nutrition examination survey and claims data, 2009-2019","volume":"7","author":"Wyne","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.4158\/EP12280.GL","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American association of clinical endocrinologists and the American thyroid association","volume":"18","author":"Garber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0028","article-title":"Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement","volume":"24","author":"Jonklaas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000339444","article-title":"2012 ETA guidelines: the use of L-T4 + L-T3 in the treatment of hypothyroidism","volume":"1","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00625-8","article-title":"Primary hypothyroidism and quality of life","volume":"18","author":"Heged\u00fcs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1869","article-title":"The beneficial effect of L-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial function, and quality of life in subclinical hypothyroidism: randomized, crossover trial","volume":"92","author":"Razvi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib7","article-title":"Effects of levothyroxine in subclinical hypothyroidism and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: an open-label randomized trial","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2023.0135","article-title":"Preliminary results of a double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluating the cardiometabolic effects of levothyroxine and liothyronine compared to levothyroxine with placebo in athyreotic low-risk thyroid cancer patients","volume":"33","author":"Biondi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.01.018","article-title":"The impact of levothyroxine on cardiac function in older adults with mild subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"133","author":"Gencer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0966","article-title":"Effects of intravenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in human brown adipose tissue: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"179","author":"Heinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02409-z","article-title":"Treatment of obesity with thyroid hormones in Europe. Data from the THESIS\u2217 collaboration","volume":"48","author":"Galofr\u00e9","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1527","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0235","article-title":"The type 2 deiodinase ORFa-Gly3Asp polymorphism (rs12885300) influences the set point of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma","volume":"96","author":"Hoftijzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02279","article-title":"Genetic variation in thyroid hormone pathway genes; polymorphisms in the TSH receptor and the iodothyronine deiodinases","volume":"155","author":"Peeters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1159\/000512790","article-title":"2021 european thyroid association guideline on thyroid disorders prior to and during assisted reproduction","volume":"9","author":"Poppe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812537","article-title":"Levothyroxine in women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies before conception","volume":"380","author":"Dhillon-Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00045-6","article-title":"Levothyroxine in euthyroid thyroid peroxidase antibody positive women with recurrent pregnancy loss (T4LIFE trial): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"10","author":"van Dijk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.18249","article-title":"Effect of levothyroxine on miscarriage among women with normal thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"318","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib18","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Internet]","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib19","series-title":"An introduction to categorical data analysis","first-page":"1","author":"Agresti","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2005.00503.x","article-title":"Regularization and Variable Selection Via the Elastic Net","volume":"67","author":"Zou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B: Stat Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01","article-title":"Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib22","author":"Simon"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvae134","article-title":"The arduous path toward equitable access to endocrinology care","volume":"8","author":"Romeo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0383","article-title":"Patient requests for tests and treatments impact physician management of hypothyroidism","volume":"29","author":"Esfandiari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0325","article-title":"Physician choice of hypothyroidism therapy: influence of patient characteristics","volume":"28","author":"Jonklaas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0681","article-title":"An online survey of hypothyroid patients demonstrates prominent dissatisfaction","volume":"28","author":"Peterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-024-01055-y","article-title":"Limiting the use and misuse of liothyronine in hypothyroidism","volume":"21","author":"Heged\u00fcs","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0720","article-title":"Evidence-based use of levothyroxine\/liothyronine combinations in treating hypothyroidism: a consensus document","volume":"31","author":"Jonklaas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0641","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and somatization: results from E-Mode patient self-assessment of thyroid therapy, a cross-sectional, International online patient survey","volume":"33","author":"Perros","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae140","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and type D personality: results from E-MPATHY, a cross-Sectional International online patient survey","volume":"110","author":"Perros","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-024-01022-7","article-title":"Medically not yet explained symptoms in hypothyroidism","volume":"20","author":"Heged\u00fcs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1614","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad331","article-title":"Demographic, healthcare access, and dietary factors associated with thyroid hormone treatments for hypothyroidism","volume":"108","author":"Ettleson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4964","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2660","article-title":"Is a normal TSH synonymous with \"Euthyroidism\" in levothyroxine monotherapy?","volume":"101","author":"Peterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000454878","article-title":"Neither baseline nor changes in serum triiodothyronine during levothyroxine\/liothyronine combination therapy predict a positive response to this treatment modality in hypothyroid patients with persistent symptoms","volume":"6","author":"Medici","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3090","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa430","article-title":"Individualized therapy for hypothyroidism: is T4 enough for everyone?","volume":"105","author":"Ettleson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1044691","article-title":"T3 levels and thyroid hormone signaling","volume":"13","author":"Salas-Lucia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00004-3","article-title":"The relevance of T3 in the management of hypothyroidism","volume":"10","author":"Salvatore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib38","first-page":"429","article-title":"Patients' persistent symptoms, clinician demographics, and geo-economic factors are associated with choice of therapy for hypothyroidism by European thyroid specialists: The \"THESIS\" collaboration","volume":"34","author":"Attanasio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0457","article-title":"2017 guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum","volume":"27","author":"Alexander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.07.011","article-title":"Using Facebook to recruit to a national online survey investigating complementary product use in pregnancy and lactation: a case study of method","volume":"17","author":"Ariadne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Social Administrative Pharm"}],"container-title":["AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S3050915725001511?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S3050915725001511?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T03:27:51Z","timestamp":1777260471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S3050915725001511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S3050915725001511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["3050-9157"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3050-9157","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Use of Thyroid Hormones in Patients with Hypothyroidism and Euthyroidism in the United States: American Association of Clinical Endocrinology International Collaboration with the THESIS Investigators","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aed.2025.10.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American Association of Clinical Endocrinology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}