{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T10:20:08Z","timestamp":1772446808312,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["African Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T23:46:53Z","timestamp":1641944813000},"page":"44-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Firearm injuries among children due to the Kivu conflict from 2017 to 2020: A hospital-based retrospective descriptive cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Romeo Bujiriri","family":"Murhega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul Munguakonkwa","family":"Budema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tshibambe Nathanael","family":"Tshimbombu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georges Kuyigwa","family":"Toha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice Gulimwentuga","family":"Cikomola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paterne Safari","family":"Mudekereza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9on-Emmanuel","family":"Mubenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghislain Maheshe","family":"Balemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darck Cubaka","family":"Badesire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Negida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrick Sidney","family":"Kanmounye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0005","author":"The Polynational War Memorial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0010","unstructured":"Conflict Minerals. Jewish world watch n.d. https:\/\/www.jww.org\/conflict-areas\/drc\/conflict-minerals\/ (accessed May 17, 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1904253","article-title":"The ongoing ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2018\u20132019","author":"Ilunga Kalenga","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0020","unstructured":"The Kivu Conflict n.d. https:\/\/www.arcgis.com\/apps\/MapJournal\/index.html?appid=cb09d24f4caf4a8e921039028329f21c (accessed May 17, 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2015.08.001","article-title":"The state of emergency care in Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"5","author":"Kalisya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0030","unstructured":"Council on Foreign Relations Global conflict tracker. Global conflict tracker n.d. https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/global-conflict-tracker (accessed May 17, 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1804754","article-title":"The major causes of death in children and adolescents in the United States","author":"Cunningham","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2020.10.002","article-title":"Combat injuries sustained by troops on counter terrorism and counter-insurgency operations in north East Nigeria: implications for intervention","volume":"11","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0045","first-page":"S14","article-title":"Comparative trend analysis of gunshot injuries and motor vehicle crashes at the KATH emergency department","volume":"3","author":"Forson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.10060","article-title":"Global mortality from firearms, 1990-2016","volume":"320","author":"Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0055","unstructured":"Witness. Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo n.d. https:\/\/www.witness.org\/portfolio_page\/protecting-child-soldiers-democratic-republic-congo\/ (accessed June 10, 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.040","article-title":"Fracture-related infection: a consensus on definition from an international expert group","volume":"49","author":"Metsemakers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3607-y","article-title":"Prevention of fracture-related infection: a multidisciplinary care package","volume":"41","author":"Metsemakers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200600001-00011","article-title":"Timing of d\u00e9bridement of open fractures","volume":"14","author":"Pollak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.10.074","article-title":"Prevention of infection in open fractures: where are the pendulums now?","volume":"51","author":"Rupp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3937","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-2884-z","article-title":"Antibiotics in the treatment of low-velocity gunshot-induced fractures: a systematic literature review","volume":"471","author":"Papasoulis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-019-03287-4","article-title":"General treatment principles for fracture-related infection: recommendations from an international expert group","volume":"140","author":"Metsemakers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.019","article-title":"Infection after fracture fixation: current surgical and microbiological concepts","volume":"49","author":"Metsemakers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.10.003","article-title":"Twenty years of pediatric gunshot wounds in our community: have we made a difference?","volume":"54","author":"Bayouth","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.02.032","article-title":"Pediatric firearm injuries: a 10-year single-center experience of 194 patients","volume":"46","author":"Senger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.12.047","article-title":"Twenty years of pediatric gunshot wounds: an urban trauma center's experience","volume":"184","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1350","article-title":"Gunshot injuries in children served by emergency services","volume":"132","author":"Newgard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002330","article-title":"Firearm injury research and epidemiology: a review of the data, their limitations, and how trauma centers can improve firearm injury research","volume":"87","author":"Hink","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.01.005","article-title":"Barriers to firearm injury research","volume":"58","author":"Donnelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0130","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of research in Cameroon (Part I) - an e-survey of physicians","volume":"4","author":"Kanmounye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.07.002","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on research","volume":"16","author":"Harper","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-1006-3","article-title":"COVID-19 impact on research, lessons learned from COVID-19 research, implications for pediatric research","volume":"88","author":"Weiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"}],"container-title":["African Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211419X2100080X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211419X2100080X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T17:09:09Z","timestamp":1761930549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211419X2100080X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211419X2100080X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-419X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-419X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Firearm injuries among children due to the Kivu conflict from 2017 to 2020: A hospital-based retrospective descriptive cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.11.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of African Federation for Emergency Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}