{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:16:21Z","timestamp":1790356581110,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["African Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]],"date-time":"2022-02-20T22:32:08Z","timestamp":1645396328000},"page":"117-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: Efforts, recommendations and challenges at hand"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Greene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0692-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Uwishema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aderinto","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9076-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arushi","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3115-7217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christin","family":"Berjaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2992-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Adamolekun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3018-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1972-1401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima Elbasri Abuelgasim","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Onyeaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2000083","article-title":"An overview of COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0002","unstructured":"Opening statement, COVID-19 press conference, 5 November 2020. World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/regional-director\/speeches-messages\/opening-statement-covid-19-press-conference-5-november-2020. Accessed June 14, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chinikar S, Mirahmadi R, Moradi M, et al. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). In: Lorenzo-Morales J, editor. Zoonosis [Internet]. London: IntechOpen; 2012 [cited 2022 Mar 04]. Available from: https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/chapters\/34771. doi:10.5772\/38851.","DOI":"10.5772\/38851"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0004","first-page":"86","article-title":"Congo virus: a hitherto undescribed virus occurring in Africa. I. Human isolations\u2013clinical notes","volume":"44","author":"Simpson","year":"1967","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0005","unstructured":"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever Africa CDC. https:\/\/africacdc.org\/disease\/crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever\/. Published September 28, 2020. Accessed July 19, 2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1309\/LMN1P2FRZ7BKZSCO","article-title":"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever","volume":"46","author":"Shayan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.08.001","volume":"64","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0008","series-title":"Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever case reported in Mauritania","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0009","unstructured":"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever. Published January 31, 2013. Accessed July 19, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0010","unstructured":"Crimean-Congo hemorraghic fever (CCHF). Center for Disease Control. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/crimean-congo\/resources\/distribution-map.html. Updated March 5, 2014. Accessed June 14, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0011","unstructured":"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever#tab=tab_1. Accessed July 18, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0012","unstructured":"Symptoms of COVID-19. Center for Disease Control. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/symptoms-testing\/symptoms.html. Updated February 22, 2021. Accessed July 19, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0013","unstructured":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF): signs and symptoms. Center for Disease Control. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/crimean-congo\/symptoms\/index.html. Published September 5, 2013. Accessed July 19, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0014","article-title":"Mortality risk of COVID-19","author":"Ritchie","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Data"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0015","first-page":"2003","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","volume":"74","author":"Masayuki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.83537","article-title":"An update on Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever","volume":"3","author":"Appannanavar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.02.018","article-title":"Current status of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region: issues, challenges, and future directions","volume":"58","author":"Al-Abri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib18","article-title":"Bird flu outbreak amidst COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: Efforts and challenges at hand","author":"Uwishema","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.591","article-title":"Neurological disorders in HIV: Hope despite challenges","author":"Uwishema","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immun Inflammation Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib20","article-title":"Epidemic of plague amidst COVID-19 in Madagascar: efforts, challenges, and recommendations","author":"Aborodi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib21","article-title":"Lassa fever amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: A rising concern, efforts, challenges, and future recommendations","author":"Uwishema","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27211","article-title":"Viral infections amidst COVID-19 in Africa: Implications and recommendations","author":"Uwishema","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib23","article-title":"The syndemic burden of HIV\/AIDS in Africa amidst the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Uwishema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immun Inflammation Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.468","article-title":"Rift Valley fever during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: A double burden for Africa\u2019s healthcare system","author":"Uwishema","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00390-4","article-title":"The deuce-ace of Lassa Fever, Ebola virus disease and COVID-19 simultaneous infections and epidemics in West Africa: clinical and public health implications","author":"Nnaji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00376-2","article-title":"Threats and outbreaks of cholera in Africa amidst COVID-19 pandemic: a double burden on Africa\u2019s health systems","author":"Uwishema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"}],"container-title":["African Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211419X22000052?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211419X22000052?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T17:10:13Z","timestamp":1761930613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211419X22000052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211419X22000052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-419X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-419X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: Efforts, recommendations and challenges at hand","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of African Federation for Emergency Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}