{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:24:52Z","timestamp":1780662292445,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":238,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011929","name":"Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T23:31:43Z","timestamp":1622071903000},"page":"107489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Intercropping increases soil extracellular enzyme activity: A meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"319","author":[{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Curtright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa K.","family":"Tiemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib1","series-title":"Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry","first-page":"311","article-title":"Enzyme activities","author":"Alef","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2004.09.014","article-title":"Responses of extracellular enzymes to simple and complex nutrient inputs","volume":"37","author":"Allison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib3","series-title":"Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry","article-title":"Plant-Soil Biota Interactions","author":"Balestrini","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(99)00051-6","article-title":"Field management effects on soil enzyme activities","volume":"31","author":"Bandick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13855","article-title":"Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning","volume":"515","author":"Bardgett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04197","article-title":"Parasitic plants indirectly regulate below-ground properties in grassland ecosystems","volume":"439","author":"Bardgett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2012.09.012","article-title":"Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium in monoculture and intercropped plantations: evolution of soil and litter microbial and chemical attributes during early stages of plant development","volume":"63","author":"Bini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-992x-2016-0337","article-title":"Intercropping Acacia mangium stimulates AMF colonization and soil phosphatase activity in Eucalyptus grandis","volume":"75","author":"Bini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib9","unstructured":"Borchers, A., Truex-Powell, E., Wallander, S., Nickerson, C., 2014. Multi-Cropping Practices: Recent Trends in Double Cropping United States Department of Agriculture."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2018.05.010","article-title":"Alteration of soil physical properties and processes after ten years of intercropping with native shrubs in the Sahel","volume":"182","author":"Bogie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13132","article-title":"Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology","volume":"206","author":"Brooker","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(82)90099-2","article-title":"Enzyme activity in soil: location and a possible role in microbial ecology","volume":"14","author":"Burns","year":"1982","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2012.11.009","article-title":"Soil enzymes in a changing environment: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"58","author":"Burns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709069104","article-title":"Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity","volume":"104","author":"Cardinale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s003740050416","article-title":"Soil organic matter, microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a tropical agroforestry system","volume":"27","author":"Chander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2017.11.010","article-title":"Shifts in soil microbial community, soil enzymes and crop yield under peanut\/maize intercropping with reduced nitrogen levels","volume":"124","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12475","article-title":"Soil C and N availability determine the priming effect: microbial N mining and stoichiometric decomposition theories","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2018.04.018","article-title":"Ley grassland under temperate climate had a legacy effect on soil organic matter quantity, biogeochemical signature and microbial activities","volume":"122","author":"Cr\u00e8me","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav0550","article-title":"The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry","volume":"365","author":"Crowther","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-012-9563-z","article-title":"Effects of intercropping of peanut with the medicinal plant Atractylodes lancea on soil microecology and peanut yield in subtropical China","volume":"87","author":"Dai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agrofor. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dick, R.P., 1994. Soil enzyme activities as indicators of soil quality, in: Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. pp. 107\u2013124.","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaspecpub35.c7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedobi.2016.04.004","article-title":"Plant diversity effects on soil microorganisms: spatial and temporal heterogeneity of plant inputs increase soil biodiversity","volume":"59","author":"Eisenhauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pedobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2015.11.007","article-title":"Aboveground litter quality is a better predictor than belowground microbial communities when estimating carbon mineralization along a land-use gradient","volume":"94","author":"Fanin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.87","article-title":"Embracing the unknown: disentangling the complexities of the soil microbiome","volume":"15","author":"Fierer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2009.01360.x","article-title":"Global patterns in belowground communities","volume":"12","author":"Fierer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12765","article-title":"Functional diversity in cover crop polycultures increases multifunctionality of an agricultural system","volume":"54","author":"Finney","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib27","unstructured":"Fischer, G., Nachtergaele, F., Prieler, S., van Velthuizen, H.T., Verelst, L., Wiberg, D., 2008. Global Agro-ecological Zones Assessment for Agriculture (GAEZ 2008). Rome, Italy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2008.09.001","article-title":"Regulation of extracellular protease activity in soil in response to different sources and concentrations of nitrogen and carbon","volume":"40","author":"Geisseler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2014.03.023","article-title":"Long-term effects of mineral fertilizers on soil microorganisms - a review","volume":"75","author":"Geisseler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2010.08.021","article-title":"Pathways of nitrogen utilization by soil microorganisms - a review","volume":"42","author":"Geisseler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2011.03.017","article-title":"Optimization of hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme methods for ecosystem studies","volume":"43","author":"German","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-008-9814-y","article-title":"Plant-driven selection of microbes","volume":"321","author":"Hartmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s13213-010-0117-1","article-title":"Soil beneficial bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion: a review","volume":"60","author":"Hayat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-057065-5.50014-2","article-title":"Random effects models for effect sizes","author":"Hedges","year":"1985","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Meta-Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2015.02.009","article-title":"The native shrub, Piliostigma reticulatum, as an ecological \u201cresource island\u201d for mango trees in the Sahel","volume":"204","author":"Hernandez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib36","first-page":"1423","article-title":"Effects of mulberry\/soybean intercropping on the plant growth and rhizosphere soil microbial number and enzyme activities","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib37","unstructured":"IPCC, 2014. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, in: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. p. 151. https:\/\/doi.org\/I2280E\/1\/06.11."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2011.08.020","article-title":"Controls over soil microbial biomass responses to carbon amendments in agricultural systems: a meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Kallenbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib39","first-page":"405","article-title":"Effect of interspecific root interaction on soil nutrition, enzymatic activity and rhizosphere biology in maize\/peanut intercropping system","volume":"51","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pak. J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2017.01.040","article-title":"Diversified cropping systems support greater microbial cycling and retention of carbon and nitrogen","volume":"240","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kn\u00f6rzer, H., Graeff-h\u00f6nninger, S., Guo, B., Wang, P., Claupein, W., 2009. The rediscovery of intercropping in china: a traditional cropping system for future chinese agriculture \u2013 a review, in: Climate Change, Intercropping, Pest Control and Beneficial Microorganisms. pp. 13\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-90-481-2716-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-2716-0_3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2002)083[3152:EPSATM]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Exotic plant species alter the microbial community structure and function in the soil","volume":"83","author":"Kourtev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1011.2010.00617","article-title":"Effect of banana intercropping pattern and straw compost-return on soil enzyme activity","volume":"18","author":"Kuang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Eco-Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1081\/CSS-120024778","article-title":"Nitrogen release from crop residues and organic amendments as affected by biochemical composition","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2015.01.025","article-title":"Microbial hotspots and hot moments in soil: concept & review","volume":"83","author":"Kuzyakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10967","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508382112","article-title":"Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe","volume":"112","author":"Leff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6496","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523580113","article-title":"Root exudates drive interspecific facilitation by enhancing nodulation and N2 fixation","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11192","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704591104","article-title":"Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(15)61089-9","article-title":"Biochemical and microbial properties of rhizospheres under maize\/peanut intercropping","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Belowground interactions impact the soil bacterial community, soil fertility, and crop yield in maize\/peanut intercropping systems","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2014.02.039","article-title":"Growth, yield and quality of spring tomato and physicochemical properties of medium in a tomato\/garlic intercropping system under plastic tunnel organic medium cultivation","volume":"170","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2018.06.002","article-title":"Organic amendments increase crop yields by improving microbe-mediated soil functioning of agroecosystems: a meta-analysis","volume":"124","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2017.12.009","article-title":"Spatial patterns of enzyme activities in the rhizosphere: effects of root hairs and root radius","volume":"118","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2017.06.028","article-title":"Intercropping improves soil nutrient availability, soil enzyme activity and tea quantity and quality","volume":"119","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2013.04.011","article-title":"Soil property, CO2 emission and aridity index as agroecological indicators to assess the mineralization of cover crop green manure in a Mediterranean environment","volume":"34","author":"Mancinelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2014.07.027","article-title":"Crop rotation complexity regulates the decomposition of high and low quality residues","volume":"78","author":"McDaniel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1890\/13-0616.1","article-title":"Does agricultural crop diversity enhance soil microbial biomass and organic matter dynamics? A meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"McDaniel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4290(93)90119-8","article-title":"Resource capture and utilisation in intercropping: water","volume":"34","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"F. Crop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014963303205","article-title":"Respiration from C3 plant green manure added to a C4 plant carbon dominated soil","volume":"218","author":"Nyberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2012.04.018","article-title":"Effects of catch crops cultivated for green manure and mineral nitrogen fertilization on soil enzyme activities and chemical properties","volume":"189\u2013190","author":"Piotrowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prosser, J.A., Speir, T.W., Stott, D.E., 2015. Soil Oxidoreductases and FDA Hydrolysis 47907, 103\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2136\/sssabookser9.c6.","DOI":"10.2136\/sssabookser9.c6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118515","article-title":"Intercropped silviculture systems, a key to achieving soil fungal community management in eucalyptus plantations","volume":"10","author":"Rachid","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-005-0593-z","article-title":"Effect of green manure addition on soil organic phosphorus mineralisation","volume":"73","author":"Randhawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1017\/S0014479700010796","article-title":"Evaluation of yield stability in intercropping: studies on sorghum\/pigeonpea","volume":"16","author":"Rao","year":"1980","journal-title":"Exp. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217909","article-title":"Impacts of biodiversity loss escalate","volume":"336","author":"Reich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(87)90080-0","article-title":"Nitrous oxide sources in aerobic soils: nitrification, denitrification and other biological processes","volume":"19","author":"Robertson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib67","unstructured":"Rohatgi, A., 2019. WebPlotDigitizer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib68","first-page":"61","article-title":"Effect sizes: conventional choices and calculations","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb. Meta-Anal. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-017-3491-7","article-title":"Understanding the enhanced litter decomposition of mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus and Acacia mangium","volume":"423","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2013.11.004","article-title":"A framework for evaluating ecosystem services provided by cover crops in agroecosystems","volume":"125","author":"Schipanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2009.10.014","article-title":"Phenol oxidase, peroxidase and organic matter dynamics of soil","volume":"42","author":"Sinsabaugh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-010-9482-x","article-title":"Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of recalcitrant organic matter decomposition: the growth rate hypothesis in reverse","volume":"102","author":"Sinsabaugh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01245.x","article-title":"Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale","volume":"11","author":"Sinsabaugh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00418675","article-title":"Enzymic analysis of microbial pattern and process","volume":"17","author":"Sinsabaugh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3109\/10408417609102304","article-title":"Extracellular enzymes in soil","volume":"4","author":"Skuji\u0146\u0161","year":"1976","journal-title":"CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-008-9124-5","article-title":"Effects of crop diversity on agroecosystem function: crop yield response","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s12355-016-0445-y","article-title":"Intercropping in sugarcane cultivation influenced the soil properties and enhanced the diversity of vital diazotrophic bacteria","volume":"19","author":"Solanki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sugar Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2009.00752.x","article-title":"Influence of intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculation on microbial activity and community composition in rhizosphere of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Siberian wild rye (Elymus sibiricus L.)","volume":"70","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.09.020","article-title":"Ecosystem services and agriculture: cultivating agricultural ecosystems for diverse benefits","volume":"64","author":"Swinton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib80","series-title":"Methods of Soil Analysis","first-page":"775","article-title":"Soil enzymes","author":"Tabatabai","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib81","series-title":"Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry","article-title":"The soil fungi","author":"Taylor","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-010-9406-6","article-title":"Indirect effects of nitrogen amendments on organic substrate quality increase enzymatic activity driving decomposition in a Mesic Grassland","volume":"14","author":"Tiemann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12453","article-title":"Crop rotational diversity enhances belowground communities and functions in an agroecosystem","volume":"18","author":"Tiemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/379718a0","article-title":"Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems","volume":"379","author":"Tilman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-018-0139-4","article-title":"Core microbiomes for sustainable agroecosystems","volume":"4","author":"Toju","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6485","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00560-10","article-title":"Variation in pHoptima of hydrolytic enzyme activities in tropical rain forest soils","volume":"76","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x","article-title":"The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems","volume":"11","author":"Van Der Heijden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib88","series-title":"The Ecology of Intercropping","author":"Vandermeer","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedobi.2016.04.001","article-title":"The impact of crop rotation on soil microbial diversity: a meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Venter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pedobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(00)00157-7","article-title":"Linking microbial community composition to function in a tropical soil","volume":"32","author":"Waldrop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12708","article-title":"OpenMEE: intuitive, open-source software for meta-analysis in ecology and evolutionary biology","volume":"8","author":"Wallace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallenstein, M.D., Burns, R.G., 2015. Ecology of Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Organic Matter Degradation in Soil: A Complex Community-Driven Process 80523, 35\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2136\/sssabookser9.c2.","DOI":"10.2136\/sssabookser9.c2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib93","article-title":"Soil chemical property changes in eggplant\/garlic relay intercropping systems under continuous cropping","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-015-2428-2","article-title":"Intercropping maintains soil fertility in terms of chemical properties and enzyme activities on a timescale of one decade","volume":"391","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2018.05.001","article-title":"A meta-analysis of soil extracellular enzyme activities in response to global change","volume":"123","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib96","first-page":"696","article-title":"Intercropping with garlic alleviated continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber in plastic tunnel","volume":"62","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B Soil Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib97","first-page":"2747","article-title":"Relationship between soil nutrients and rhizospheric soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in a maize-capsicum intercropping system","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib98","first-page":"2627","article-title":"Effects of intercropping Chinese onion cultivars of different allelopathic potential on cucumber growth and soil micro-environment","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib99","series-title":"Advances in Agronomy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(08)00604-4","article-title":"Chapter 4 Microbial distribution in soils. Physics and scaling","author":"Young","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1890\/14-0777.1","article-title":"The application of ecological stoichiometry to plant-microbial-soil organic matter transformations","volume":"85","author":"Zechmeister-Boltenstern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.02.024","article-title":"Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2018.01.009","article-title":"Changes in the soil bacterial community structure and enzyme activities after intercrop mulch with cover crop for eight years in an orchard","volume":"86","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2011.07.001","article-title":"Effects of intercropping cucumber with onion or garlic on soil enzyme activities, microbial communities and cucumber yield","volume":"47","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2830","article-title":"Enhanced activity of soil nutrient-releasing enzymes after plant invasion: a meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2016.03.011","article-title":"Meta-analysis approach to assess effect of tillage on microbial biomass and enzyme activities","volume":"97","author":"Zuber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167880921001936?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167880921001936?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T08:23:31Z","timestamp":1759134211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167880921001936"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["S0167880921001936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8809"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8809","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intercropping increases soil extracellular enzyme activity: A meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107489","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107489"}}