{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:53:29Z","timestamp":1782845609201,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Agricultural Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]],"date-time":"2012-02-07T07:50:56Z","timestamp":1328601056000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":830,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Tomek","family":"de Ponti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Rijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin K.","family":"van Ittersum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2008.09.011","article-title":"Thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ashes for phosphorus recovery","volume":"29","author":"Adam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Waste Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742170507001640","article-title":"Organic agriculture and the global food supply","volume":"22","author":"Badgley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0015","first-page":"83","article-title":"Editorial response by Kenneth Cassman: can organic agriculture feed the world\u2014science to the rescue?","volume":"22","author":"Cassman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(99)00057-2","article-title":"Nitrogen, weeds and water as yield-limiting factors in conventional, low-input, and organic tomato systems","volume":"73","author":"Clark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2007.11.010","article-title":"Organic agriculture cannot feed the world","volume":"106","author":"Connor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-521X(03)00087-8","article-title":"A critical assessment of the system of rice intensification (SRI)","volume":"79","author":"Dobermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Agricultural Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0035","unstructured":"Eurostat, 2007. Statistics in focus. Different organic farming patterns within EU-25. An overview of the current situation. <http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/cache\/ITY_OFFPUB\/KS-SF-07-069\/EN\/KS-SF-07-069-EN.PDF>."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2010.07.002","article-title":"Communicating complexity: integrated assessment of trade-offs concerning soil fertility management within African farming systems to support innovation and development","volume":"104","author":"Giller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agricultural Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/01448765.1996.9754756","article-title":"A comparison of strawberry plant development and yield under organic and conventional management on the central California coast","volume":"12","author":"Gliessman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185383","article-title":"Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people","volume":"327","author":"Godfray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0055","unstructured":"Goulding, K.W.T, Trewavas, A.J., Giller, K.E., 2009. Can organic farming feed the world? A contribution to the debate on the ability of organic farming systems to provide sustainable supplies of food. In: Paper Presented at the International Fertiliser Society Conference in Cambridge, 11th December, 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0060","unstructured":"IFOAM, 2005. IFOAM Basic Standards. International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), Bonn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0065","first-page":"245","article-title":"Economics of ecological agricultural practices: an empirical evidence from a micro level study in an area of Bangladesh","volume":"43","author":"Jaim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Economic Affairs Calcutta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00278.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of different precipitated phosphates as phosphorus sources for plants","volume":"19","author":"Johnston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soil Use and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2008.03.014","article-title":"Relations between nitrogen leaching and food productivity in organic and conventional cropping systems in a long-term field study","volume":"127","author":"Korsaeth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0080","series-title":"The Economics of Organic Farming","first-page":"343","article-title":"Estimating the impact of widespread conversion to organic farming on land use and physical output in the United Kingdom","author":"Lampkin","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.environ.041008.093740","article-title":"Crop yield gaps: their importance, magnitudes, and causes","volume":"34","author":"Lobell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annual Review of Environment and Resources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1300\/J064v21n04_06","article-title":"Organic agriculture","volume":"21","author":"Lotter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071148","article-title":"Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming","volume":"296","author":"M\u00e4der","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2003.09.002","article-title":"Yield increases during the organic transition: improving soil quality or increasing experience?","volume":"86","author":"Martini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0105","series-title":"The Economics of Organic Farming","first-page":"131","article-title":"Economics of organic farming in Switzerland","author":"M\u00fchlebach","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2007.03.011","article-title":"Evidence of varietal adaptation to organic farming systems","volume":"102","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1626\/pps.2.58","article-title":"Comparison of rice yield after various years of cultivation by natural farming","volume":"2","author":"Neera","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Production Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8809(94)00538-P","article-title":"Energy and labour efficiency for three pairs of conventional and alternative mixed cropping (pasture-arable) farms in Canterbury, New Zealand","volume":"52","author":"Nguyen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0125","first-page":"421","article-title":"Wirtschaftliche Situation okologischer Betriebe in ausgewahlten L\u00e4ndern Europas: Stand, Entwicklung und wichtige Einflussfaktoren","volume":"50","author":"Offermann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Agrarwirtschaft"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0130","series-title":"The Economics of Organic Farming","first-page":"201","article-title":"Farm-level performance of organic farming systems: an overview","author":"Padel","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0071","article-title":"Potential and attainable food production and food security in different regions","volume":"352","author":"Penning de Vries","year":"1997","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0140","series-title":"The Rodale Institute Farming Systems Trial: The First 15 Years","author":"Petersen","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(02)00087-7","article-title":"Reducing food poverty by increasing agricultural sustainability in developing countries","volume":"95","author":"Pretty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8809(90)90179-H","article-title":"The comparative productivity of organic agriculture","volume":"30","author":"Stanhill","year":"1990","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1626\/jcs.71.439","article-title":"Effect of continuous organic farming on the growth and yield of rice","volume":"71","author":"Tamaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Crop Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0160","first-page":"165","article-title":"A comparative assessment of the performance of organic and conventional arable farming systems on high-quality soils in northern Germany","volume":"83","author":"Taube","year":"2005","journal-title":"Berichte \u0171ber Landwirtschaft"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-008-9676-3","article-title":"Yield gaps, nutrient use efficiencies and response to fertilisers by maize across heterogeneous smallholder farms of western Kenya","volume":"313","author":"Tittonell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2007.12.016","article-title":"A critical assessment of a desk study comparing crop production systems: the example of the \u2018system of rice intensification\u2019 versus \u2018best management practice\u2019","volume":"108","author":"Uphoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4290(97)00037-3","article-title":"Concepts in production ecology for analysis and quantification of agricultural input\u2013output combinations","volume":"52","author":"Van Ittersum","year":"1997","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-007-9198-4","article-title":"Organic N and particulate organic matter fractions in organic and conventional farming systems with a history of manure application","volume":"291","author":"Wander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2009.0043","article-title":"High yielding organic crop management decreases plant-available but not recalcitrant soil phosphorus","volume":"101","author":"Welsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agronomy Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10681-008-9690-9","volume":"163","author":"Wolfe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euphytica"}],"container-title":["Agricultural Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0308521X1100182X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0308521X1100182X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T20:36:45Z","timestamp":1759696605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0308521X1100182X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0308521X1100182X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0308-521X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0308-521X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Agricultural Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.12.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}