{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:14:15Z","timestamp":1777670055258,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5107-00002B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5107-00002B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Agricultural Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T05:43:00Z","timestamp":1623130980000},"page":"103147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A simulation of variable rate nitrogen application in winter wheat with soil and sensor information - An economic feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Michael Friis","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob Glerup","family":"Gyldengren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren Marcus","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efstathios","family":"Diamantopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Gislum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merete Elisabeth","family":"Styczen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-8152(00)00003-7","article-title":"Daisy: an open soil-crop-atmosphere system model","volume":"15","author":"Abrahamsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0010","series-title":"New Look at Statistical-Model Identification. Ieee Transactions on Automatic Control AC19","first-page":"716","author":"Akaike","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0015","series-title":"Precision Agriculture: Technology and Economic Perspectives","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68715-5_2","article-title":"Smart farming technologies\u2013description, taxonomy and economic impact","author":"Balafoutis","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-521X(00)00063-9","article-title":"Spatial validation of crop models for precision agriculture","volume":"68","author":"Basso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.12.104","article-title":"Environmental and economic benefits of variable rate nitrogen fertilization in a nitrate vulnerable zone","volume":"545","author":"Basso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-006-9000-2","article-title":"Algorithms for sensor-based redistribution of nitrogen fertilizer in winter wheat","volume":"7","author":"Berntsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Precis. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-006-9017-6","article-title":"Maximum benefit of a precise nitrogen application system for wheat","volume":"7","author":"Biermacher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Precis. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2003.10.018","article-title":"Incorporating remote sensing data in physically based distributed agro-hydrological modelling","volume":"287","author":"Boegh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2009.08.029","article-title":"Remote sensing based evapotranspiration and runoff modeling of agricultural, forest and urban flux sites in Denmark: from field to macro-scale","volume":"377","author":"Boegh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(02)00237-7","article-title":"Calibration and validation of the soil organic matter dynamics of the Daisy model with data from the Askov long-term experiments","volume":"35","author":"Bruun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2018.09.011","article-title":"Precision conservation meets precision agriculture: A case study from southern Ontario","volume":"167","author":"Capmourteres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2018.04.031","article-title":"Global sensitivity analysis for identifying important parameters of nitrogen nitrification and denitrification under model uncertainty and scenario uncertainty","volume":"561","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2014.07.012","article-title":"Root and soil carbon distribution at shoulderslope and footslope positions of temperate toposequences cropped to winter wheat","volume":"123","author":"Chirinda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2018.01.007","article-title":"Do crop sensors promote improved nitrogen management in grain crops?","volume":"218","author":"Cola\u00e7o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Field Crop Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2004.12.003","article-title":"A model of decision-making and information flows for information-intensive agriculture","volume":"87","author":"Fountas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9837(199610)21:10<929::AID-ESP631>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"The relative contribution of soil tillage and overland flow erosion to soil redistribution on agricultural land","volume":"21","author":"Govers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0085","series-title":"Mechanistic Modelling to Assess Agronomic and Environmental Effects of Precision Agriculture Technology in Denmark \u2013 Possibilities and Challenges","author":"Gyldengren","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2020.107901","article-title":"Field scale agronomic and environmental consequences of overlapping N fertilizer application by disc spreaders","volume":"255","author":"Gyldengren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Field Crop Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/jac.12412","article-title":"Effects of winter wheat N status on assimilate and N partitioning in the mechanistic agroecosystem model DAISY","volume":"206","author":"Gyldengren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agron. Crop Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(03)00131-7","article-title":"Reflectance measurement of canopy biomass and nitrogen status in wheat crops using normalized difference vegetation indices and partial least squares regression","volume":"86","author":"Hansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01051131","article-title":"Simulation of Nitrogen Dynamics and Biomass Production in Winter-Wheat using the Danish Simulation-model","volume":"27","author":"Hansen","year":"1991","journal-title":"DAISY Fertilizer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.42244","article-title":"DAISY: model use, calibration, and validation","volume":"55","author":"Hansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans. ASABE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0312a","article-title":"Tillage erosion and its effect on soil properties and crop yield in Denmark","volume":"34","author":"Heckrath","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2020WR027954","article-title":"A physically based model for preferential water flow and solute transport: theory and application to tile drained agricultural fields","volume":"57","author":"Holbak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-006-9029-2","article-title":"Uniformity of wheat yield and quality using sensor assisted application of nitrogen","volume":"8","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Precis. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0130","series-title":"Vol. 20. Geophysical Research Abstracts","article-title":"Modelling long term effects of different nitrogen fertilization levels in a crop rotation","author":"Kersebaum","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2020.126044","article-title":"Global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the dynamic simulation of crop N uptake by using various N dilution curve approaches","volume":"116","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2006.02.003","article-title":"Evaluating the economic and environmental impact of environmental compensation payment policy under uniform and variable-rate nitrogen management","volume":"91","author":"Link","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2017.10.004","article-title":"Considering farmers\u2019 situated knowledge of using agricultural decision support systems (AgriDSS) to Foster farming practices: the case of CropSAT","volume":"159","author":"Lundstrom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2010.05.001","article-title":"Optimal site-specific fertilization and harvesting strategies with respect to crop yield and quality response to nitrogen","volume":"103","author":"Meyer-Aurich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0155","series-title":"Advances in Agronomy, Vol 143","first-page":"175","article-title":"Delineation of soil management zones for variable-rate fertilization: A review","author":"Nawar","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2011.05.001","article-title":"Simulation of winter wheat yield and its variability in different climates of Europe: A comparison of eight crop growth models","volume":"35","author":"Palosuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0165","series-title":"Agricultural Internet of Things and Decision Support for Precision Smart Farming","first-page":"279","article-title":"Economic, environmental and social impacts","author":"Pedersen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2010.12.008","article-title":"Redirecting technology to support sustainable farm management practices","volume":"104","author":"Rains","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2007.12.001","article-title":"Do farmers waste fertilizer? A comparison of ex post optimal nitrogen rates and ex ante recommendations by model, site and year","volume":"97","author":"Rajsic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2018.04.004","article-title":"Climate change impacts on agro-climatic indices derived from downscaled weather generator scenarios for eastern Denmark","volume":"101","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0185","first-page":"318","article-title":"Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums","volume":"1","author":"Richards","year":"1931","journal-title":"Phys. J. Gen. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2011.0164","article-title":"Sensor-based nitrogen applications out-performed producer-chosen rates for corn in on-farm demonstrations","volume":"103","author":"Scharf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2018.06.017","article-title":"Fertiliser strategies for improving nitrogen use efficiency in grazed dairy pastures","volume":"165","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2010.10.017","article-title":"Management model for decision support when applying low quality water in irrigation","volume":"98","author":"Styczen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2020.126068","article-title":"Model analysis of the significant drop in protein content in Danish grain crops from 1990-2015","volume":"118","author":"Styczen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(94)00171-D","article-title":"Simulation of crop production, water and nitrogen balances in 2 German Agroecosystems using the DAISY model","volume":"81","author":"Svendsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0215","article-title":"Quantitative monitoring of leaf area index in wheat of different plant types by integrating NDVI and beer-Lambert law","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2020.106254","article-title":"Water modelling approaches and opportunities to simulate spatial water variations at crop field level","volume":"240","author":"Tenreiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0225","author":"The Danish Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2009.02.001","article-title":"Uncertainty and investment in precision agriculture - is it worth the money?","volume":"100","author":"Tozer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0235","series-title":"Theory of Games and Economic Behavior","author":"von Neumann","year":"1944"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0240","first-page":"255","article-title":"Uncertainties in simulating N uptake, net N mineralization, soil mineral N and N leaching in European crop rotations using process-based models","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Field Crop Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2017.04.002","article-title":"A RVI\/LAI-reference curve to detect N stress and guide N fertigation using combined information from spectral reflectance and leaf area measurements in potato","volume":"87","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."}],"container-title":["Agricultural Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0308521X21001001?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0308521X21001001?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T20:45:39Z","timestamp":1759697139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0308521X21001001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0308521X21001001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147","relation":{},"ISSN":["0308-521X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0308-521X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A simulation of variable rate nitrogen application in winter wheat with soil and sensor information - An economic feasibility study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Agricultural Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103147","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103147"}}