{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:03:40Z","timestamp":1793325820771,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Heart Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T15:15:52Z","timestamp":1490282152000},"page":"99-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"special_numbering":"C","title":["True rate of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists-related hyperkalemia in placebo-controlled trials: A meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Davor","family":"Vukadinovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lavall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra Nikolovska","family":"Vukadinovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Pitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Wagenpfeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra000050","article-title":"Aldosterone in congestive heart failure","volume":"345","author":"Weber","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6656","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.519256","article-title":"The mineralocorticoid receptor promotes fibrotic remodeling in atrial fibrillation","volume":"289","author":"Lavall","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32834fb25b","article-title":"Extrarenal effects of aldosterone","volume":"21","author":"Nguyen Dinh Cat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009492","article-title":"Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms","volume":"364","author":"Zannad","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.019","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"62","author":"Yancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207","article-title":"Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"348","author":"Pitt","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07821109","article-title":"Potassium homeostasis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Weir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw129","article-title":"Short-term mortality risk of serum potassium levels in hypertension: a retrospective analysis of nationwide registry data","author":"Krogager","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1493","article-title":"Use of aldosterone antagonists in heart failure","volume":"302","author":"Albert","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1019","article-title":"Temporal trends and predictors in the use of aldosterone antagonists post\u2013acute myocardial infarction","volume":"61","author":"Rassi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.772228","article-title":"Heart failure care in the outpatient cardiology practice setting: findings from IMPROVE HF","volume":"1","author":"Fonarow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl193","article-title":"EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population","volume":"27","author":"Nieminen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2011.06.013","article-title":"Aldosterone receptor antagonist use after myocardial infarction. Data from the REICIAM registry","volume":"64","author":"Lopez-de-Sa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-014-0743-x","article-title":"Characteristics, management modalities and outcome in chronic systolic heart failure patients treated in tertiary care centers: results from the EVIdence based TreAtment in Heart Failure (EVITA-HF) registry","volume":"103","author":"von Scheidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-014-0678-2","article-title":"Registry in Germany focusing on level-specific and evidence-based decision finding in the treatment of heart failure: REFLECT-HF","volume":"103","author":"Tebbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0090","article-title":"Impact of eplerenone on cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure patients with hypokalaemia","author":"Rossignol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-016-9575-2","article-title":"The treatment gap in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: a systematic review of evidence-based prescribing in practice","volume":"21","author":"Chin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.05.068","article-title":"Systematic review of genuine versus spurious side-effects of beta-blockers in heart failure using placebo control: recommendations for patient information","volume":"168","author":"Barron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009535","article-title":"Population attributable fraction estimation for established breast cancer risk factors: considering the issues of high prevalence and unmodifiability","volume":"147","author":"Rockhill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002612","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of aldosterone antagonist therapy use among older patients with reduced ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.14795","article-title":"Associations between aldosterone antagonist therapy and risks of mortality and readmission among patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"308","author":"Hernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001104","article-title":"Incidence, predictors, and outcomes related to hypo- and hyperkalemia in patients with severe heart failure treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist","volume":"7","author":"Vardeny","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu164","article-title":"Early eplerenone treatment in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction without heart failure: the Randomized Double-Blind Reminder Study","volume":"35","author":"Montalescot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.905","article-title":"Effect of spironolactone on diastolic function and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the Aldo-DHF randomized controlled trial","volume":"309","author":"Edelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313731","article-title":"Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"370","author":"Pitt","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040135","article-title":"Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study","volume":"351","author":"Juurlink","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-015-0939-8","article-title":"General practitioners' adherence to chronic heart failure guidelines regarding medication: the GP-HF study","volume":"105","author":"Hirt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hft134","article-title":"Are hospitalized or ambulatory patients with heart failure treated in accordance with European Society of Cardiology guidelines? Evidence from 12,440 patients of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry","volume":"15","author":"Maggioni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013637","article-title":"Regional differences in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction trials: when nephrology meets cardiology but east does not meet west","volume":"131","author":"Rossignol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013255","article-title":"Regional variation in patients and outcomes in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial","volume":"131","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-005-2345-1","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mineralocorticoid blocking agents and their effects on potassium homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Sica","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622311429891","article-title":"Eplerenone: is it time to add this drug to current heart failure therapy?","volume":"3","author":"Pitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.899526","article-title":"Hypokalemia and outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease: findings from propensity-matched studies","volume":"3","author":"Bowling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht386","article-title":"Renal impairment, worsening renal function, and outcome in patients with heart failure: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Damman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.778811","article-title":"Serum potassium and clinical outcomes in the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS)","volume":"118","author":"Pitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000792","volume":"7","author":"Rossignol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035279","article-title":"Managing hyperkalemia caused by inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system","volume":"351","author":"Palmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.2.306","article-title":"Hemolyzed specimens: a reason for rejection or a clinical challenge?","volume":"46","author":"Carraro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2008.739","article-title":"Pseudohyperkalemia in serum: a new insight into an old phenomenon","volume":"6","author":"Sevastos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.11904","article-title":"Consistency of laboratory monitoring during initiation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy in patients with heart failure","volume":"314","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.06.010","article-title":"The adequacy of laboratory monitoring in patients treated with spironolactone for congestive heart failure","volume":"46","author":"Shah","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.906909","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of aldosterone antagonism with eplerenone on ventricular remodeling in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction","volume":"3","author":"Udelson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"}],"container-title":["American Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002870317300947?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002870317300947?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T05:58:15Z","timestamp":1757570295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002870317300947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0002870317300947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8703","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"True rate of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists-related hyperkalemia in placebo-controlled trials: A meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Heart Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}