{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T04:29:57Z","timestamp":1794112197413,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Heart Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]],"date-time":"2018-04-21T13:57:16Z","timestamp":1524319036000},"page":"124-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":229,"special_numbering":"C","title":["International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial: Rationale and design"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Maron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith S.","family":"Hochman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harmony R.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Boden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg W.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sripal","family":"Bangalore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Spertus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen P.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslee","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"T. Bruce","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David O.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.07.013","volume":"60","author":"Fihn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070829","article-title":"Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease","volume":"356","author":"Boden","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805796","article-title":"A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease","volume":"360","author":"Frye","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1205361","article-title":"Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease","volume":"367","author":"De Bruyne","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.09.056","article-title":"Medical Therapy With Versus Without Revascularization in Stable Patients With Moderate and Severe Ischemia: The Case for Community Equipoise","volume":"67","author":"Stone","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91963-1","article-title":"Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration","volume":"344","author":"Yusuf","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072790.23090.41","article-title":"Comparison of the short-term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography","volume":"107","author":"Hachamovitch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq500","article-title":"Impact of ischaemia and scar on the therapeutic benefit derived from myocardial revascularization vs. medical therapy among patients undergoing stress-rest myocardial perfusion scintigraphy","volume":"32","author":"Hachamovitch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743963","article-title":"Optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention to reduce ischemic burden: results from the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial nuclear substudy","volume":"117","author":"Shaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.05.018","article-title":"Baseline stress myocardial perfusion imaging results and outcomes in patients with stable ischemic heart disease randomized to optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"164","author":"Shaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2013.10.017","article-title":"Predicting outcome in the COURAGE trial (Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation): coronary anatomy versus ischemia","volume":"7","author":"Mancini","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32714-9","article-title":"Percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina (ORBITA): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Al-Lamee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.000967","article-title":"Development and validation of a short version of the Seattle angina questionnaire","volume":"7","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109193251204","article-title":"Prognostic value of a treadmill exercise score in outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease","volume":"325","author":"Mark","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(84)80254-5","article-title":"Prognostic importance of a clinical profile and exercise test in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"3","author":"Weiner","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0085","series-title":"Braunwald's heart disease : a textbook of cardiovascular medicine","author":"Mann","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.002","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Stone","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht296","article-title":"2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"34","author":"Task Force","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.007","article-title":"2011 ACCF\/AHA\/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions","volume":"58","author":"Levine","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.009","volume":"58","author":"Hillis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.02.001","volume":"69","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00397-9","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire: a new functional status measure for coronary artery disease","volume":"25","author":"Spertus","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026","article-title":"The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population","volume":"114","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20020901-06","article-title":"The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure","volume":"32","author":"Kroenke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0135","series-title":"The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium on applied social psychology","first-page":"31","article-title":"Perceived Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States.","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.6.1063","article-title":"Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test","volume":"67","author":"Scheier","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.001","article-title":"Third universal definition of myocardial infarction","volume":"60","author":"Thygesen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.036","article-title":"Ethnic differences in the prognostic value of stress technetium-99m tetrofosmin gated single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging","volume":"45","author":"Shaw","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)00819-5","article-title":"Noninvasive strategies for the estimation of cardiac risk in stable chest pain patients. The Economics of Noninvasive Diagnosis (END) Study Group","volume":"86","author":"Shaw","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclcard.2008.06.168","article-title":"Independent and incremental prognostic value of left ventricular ejection fraction determined by stress gated rubidium 82 PET imaging in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease","volume":"15","author":"Lertsburapa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.06.025","article-title":"What is the prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging using rubidium-82 positron emission tomography?","volume":"48","author":"Yoshinaga","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.03.057","article-title":"Usefulness of stress echocardiography for risk stratification and prognosis of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"100","author":"Bangalore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00923-9","article-title":"Practical applications in stress echocardiography: risk stratification and prognosis in patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease","volume":"42","author":"Yao","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.812503","article-title":"Complementary prognostic values of stress myocardial perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement imaging by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease","volume":"120","author":"Steel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2008.11.017","article-title":"Risk stratification by adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with coronary artery stenoses of intermediate angiographic severity","volume":"2","author":"Doesch","year":"2009","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.06.016","article-title":"Prognostic value of dipyridamole stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease","volume":"50","author":"Bodi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.652016","article-title":"Prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance stress tests: adenosine stress perfusion and dobutamine stress wall motion imaging","volume":"115","author":"Jahnke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.10.021","article-title":"Comparative definitions for moderate-severe ischemia in stress nuclear, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"7","author":"Shaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2307\/2530245","article-title":"A multiple testing procedure for clinical trials","volume":"35","author":"O'Brien","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2307\/2336502","article-title":"Discrete sequential boundaries for clinical trials","volume":"70","author":"Lan","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"}],"container-title":["American Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002870318301224?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002870318301224?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T06:01:04Z","timestamp":1757570464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002870318301224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0002870318301224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8703","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial: Rationale and design","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Heart Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.04.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}