{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:34:46Z","timestamp":1787063686631,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2U24AT009150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U24AT009150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AT009273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AT009273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5UH3AT009149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5UH3AT009149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA013696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA013696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES009089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES009089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Heart Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T12:55:01Z","timestamp":1652964901000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The trial to assess chelation therapy 2 (TACT2): Rationale and design"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"252","author":[{"given":"Gervasio A.","family":"Lamas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Anstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Navas-Acien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Boineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwasoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Stylianou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa L.Z.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie R.","family":"Joubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina M.","family":"Santella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"Escolar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. Wady","family":"Aude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eldrin F.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Farkouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Gosnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.10.002","article-title":"Design of the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)","volume":"163","author":"Lamas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000663","article-title":"The effect of an EDTA-based chelation regimen on patients with diabetes mellitus and prior myocardial infarction in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)","volume":"7","author":"Escolar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2107","article-title":"Effect of disodium EDTA chelation regimen on cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction: the TACT randomized trial","volume":"309","author":"Lamas","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.11.002","volume":"149","author":"Fihn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:83:3:207","article-title":"EDTA chelation effects on urinary losses of cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, magnesium, and zinc","volume":"83","author":"Waters","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.039","article-title":"Enhanced vasculotoxic metal excretion in post-myocardial infarction patients following a single edetate disodium-based infusion","volume":"158","author":"Arenas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0007","unstructured":"Available at: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers\/information-edetate-disodium-marketed-endrate-and-generic-products. Accessed on January 22, 2022."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2107","article-title":"Effect of disodium EDTA chelation regimen on cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction: the TACT randomized trial","volume":"309","author":"Lamas","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000663","article-title":"The effect of an EDTA-based chelation regimen on patients with diabetes mellitus and prior myocardial infarction in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)","volume":"7","author":"Escolar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00004","article-title":"TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy) Investigators. Oral high-dose multivitamins and minerals after myocardial infarction: a randomized trial","volume":"159","author":"Lamas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life-tables (with discussion)","volume":"34","author":"Cox","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Royal Statist Soc B"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1647","article-title":"Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP): points to consider on adjustment for baseline covariates","volume":"23","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0013","first-page":"1100","article-title":"Cox's regression model for counting processes: a large sample study","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1989.10478874","article-title":"The robust inference for the Cox proportional hazards model","volume":"84","author":"Lin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1989.10478873","article-title":"Regression analysis of multivariate incomplete failure time data by modeling marginal distributions","volume":"84","author":"Wei","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4684","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134684","article-title":"Urinary metal levels after repeated edetate disodium infusions: preliminary findings","volume":"17","author":"Alam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.14075","article-title":"A guideline for reporting mediation analyses of randomized trials and observational studies: the agrema statement","volume":"326","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.4.366","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibition with eptifibatide in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes","volume":"101","author":"Mark","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.581884","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of defibrillator therapy or amiodarone in chronic stable heart failure: results from the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT)","volume":"114","author":"Mark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.05.032","article-title":"Long-term economic outcomes associated with intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy in coronary artery disease: results from the Treating to New Targets (TNT) Trial","volume":"156","author":"Mark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.03.008","article-title":"Quality of life and economic outcomes with surgical ventricular reconstruction in ischemic heart failure: results from the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial","volume":"157","author":"Mark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805151","article-title":"Quality of life after late invasive therapy for occluded arteries","volume":"360","author":"Mark","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819042250249","article-title":"Multiple regression of cost data: use of generalized linear models","volume":"9","author":"Barber","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/87.2.329","article-title":"Estimating medical costs with censored data","volume":"87","author":"Bang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5525","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3355","article-title":"Empirical estimation of life expectancy from large clinical trials: use of left-truncated, right-censored survival analysis methodology","volume":"27","author":"Nelson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.11.034","article-title":"Economic analysis of ticagrelor therapy from a U.S. perspective: results from the PLATO study","volume":"65","author":"Cowper","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EuroQol\u2013a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. The EuroQol Group. Health Policy. 1990;16(3):199-208. Epub 1990\/11\/05. PMID: 10109801.","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.02.066","article-title":"Heavy metals, cardiovascular disease, and the unexpected benefits of chelation therapy","volume":"67","author":"Lamas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31828b0631","article-title":"Navas-Acien A. Cadmium exposure and incident cardiovascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Tellez-Plaza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfab026","article-title":"Low-level metal contamination and chelation in cardiovascular disease-a ripe area for toxicology research","volume":"181","author":"Ujueta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00011","article-title":"Enough is enough: Stop wasting money on vitamin and mineral supplements","volume":"159","author":"Guallar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.09.002","article-title":"Effect of high-dose oral multivitamins and minerals in participants not treated with statins in the randomized Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)","volume":"195","author":"Issa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.020","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary impact of particulate air pollution in high-risk populations: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"76","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2030281","article-title":"Pollution and the heart","volume":"385","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018692","article-title":"Lead and cadmium as cardiovascular risk factors: the burden of proof has been met","volume":"10","author":"Lamas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0036","unstructured":"Frizzell N, Baynes JW. Chelation therapy: overlooked in the treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0037","unstructured":"Nagai R, Murray DB, Metz TO, Baynes JW. Chelation: a fundamental"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024648","article-title":"Chelation therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Ravalli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"}],"container-title":["American Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002870322001053?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002870322001053?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T06:08:38Z","timestamp":1757570918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002870322001053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0002870322001053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8703","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The trial to assess chelation therapy 2 (TACT2): Rationale and design","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Heart Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.05.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}