{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:28:52Z","timestamp":1786753732130,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013846","name":"College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014450","name":"Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014450","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015853","name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001233","name":"William G. McGowan Charitable Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Heart Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T11:15:26Z","timestamp":1704885326000},"page":"136-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Enhancing Lifestyles in the Metabolic syndrome (ELM) multisite behavioral efficacy trial. Design and baseline cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"270","author":[{"given":"Lynda H.","family":"Powell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryce T.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty M.","family":"Drees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Karavolos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin S","family":"Masters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinda M","family":"Nicklas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth H.","family":"Ruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumihiro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Trabold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd14.160287","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome by race\/ethnicity and sex in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-2012","volume":"14","author":"Moore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4501","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States, 2011-2016","volume":"323","author":"Hirode","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.40568","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"4","author":"Denson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.14740\/cr1181","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Yanai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142019 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2008.0070","article-title":"Health care utilization and costs by metabolic syndrome risk factors","volume":"7","author":"Boudreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2010.0105","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome components are associated with future medical costs independent of cardiovascular hospitalization and incident diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Nichols","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2020.23.3.189","article-title":"Novel insights into the pathogenesis and management of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0010","first-page":"e596","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"140","author":"Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.08.001","article-title":"Leisure-time physical activity and incident metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12915","article-title":"The association between psychological stress and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0013","series-title":"Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action","author":"Sabate","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-016-9721-2","article-title":"Lifestyle modification and weight reduction among low-income patients with the metabolic syndrome: the CHARMS randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Chirinos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.04.007","article-title":"Effects of a long-term lifestyle intervention program with Mediterranean diet and exercise for the management of patients with metabolic syndrome in a primary care setting","volume":"26","author":"Gomez-Huelgas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e649","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.140764","article-title":"Mediterranean diets and metabolic syndrome status in the PREDIMED randomized trial","volume":"186","author":"Babio","year":"2014","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.103","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention in obese Arab women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"170","author":"Kalter-Leibovici","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1117","article-title":"Effect of lifestyle intervention on the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study","volume":"31","author":"Ilanne-Parikka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0399-6","article-title":"Effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention on metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Bo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-8-200504190-00009","article-title":"The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial","volume":"42","author":"Orchard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.12.1440","article-title":"Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial","volume":"292","author":"Esposito","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/651460","article-title":"Long-term weight maintenance after a 17-week weight loss intervention with or without a one-year maintenance program: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2015","author":"Pekkarinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.1","article-title":"Obesity treatment for socioeconomically disadvantaged patients in primary care practice","volume":"172","author":"Bennett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.1972","article-title":"Trial of prevention and reduction of obesity through active living in clinical settings: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Ross","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109220","article-title":"A two-year randomized trial of obesity treatment in primary care practice","volume":"365","author":"Wadden","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108660","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in clinical practice","volume":"365","author":"Appel","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.10.1139","article-title":"Comparison of strategies for sustaining weight loss: the weight loss maintenance randomized controlled trial","volume":"299","author":"Svetkey","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.106","article-title":"Transtheoretical model-chronic disease care for obesity in primary care: a randomized trial","volume":"13","author":"Logue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2015.02.031","article-title":"Lifestyle weight-loss intervention outcomes in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"115","author":"Franz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-015-0474-1","article-title":"Mindfulness-based interventions for weight loss and CVD risk management","volume":"9","author":"Fulwiler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R55","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-14-0031","article-title":"The appraisal of chronic stress and the development of the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies","volume":"3","author":"Bergmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"suppl 1)","key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-009-9118-3","article-title":"Reflective and automatic processes in the initiation and maintenance of dietary change","volume":"38","author":"Rothman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000675","article-title":"Mindfulness training and physical health: mechanisms and outcomes","volume":"81","author":"Creswell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12623","article-title":"Mindfulness-based interventions for weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Carri\u00e8re","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422417000154","article-title":"A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms","volume":"30","author":"Warren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-015-0668-7","article-title":"Mindfulness and cardiovascular disease risk: state of the evidence, plausible mechanisms, and theoretical framework","volume":"17","author":"Loucks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105183","article-title":"Breaking habits or breaking habitual behaviours? Old habits as a neglected factor in weight loss maintenance","volume":"162","author":"Gardner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2013.876238","article-title":"A review and analysis of the use of \u2018habit\u2019 in understanding, predicting and influencing health-related behaviour","volume":"9","author":"Gardner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4136","article-title":"Neural mechanisms supporting maladaptive food choices in anorexia nervosa","volume":"18","author":"Foerde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2011.603640","article-title":"Promoting habit formation","volume":"7","author":"Lally","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hlth Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7191","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0979-09.2009","article-title":"Stress prompts habit behavior in humans","volume":"29","author":"Schwabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000665","article-title":"Development of a lifestyle intervention for the metabolic syndrome: discovery through proof-of-concept","volume":"37","author":"Powell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000161","article-title":"From ideas to efficacy: the ORBIT model for developing behavioral treatments for chronic diseases","volume":"34","author":"Czajkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0044","series-title":"Behavioral clinical trials for chronic diseases. Scientific foundations","author":"Powell","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.01.010","article-title":"Rating of included trials on the efficacy\u2013effectiveness spectrum: development of a new tool for systematic reviews","volume":"84","author":"Wieland","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-Sint","article-title":"Introduction and methodology: standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyg139","article-title":"Innovative techniques to address retention in a behavioral weight-loss trial","volume":"20","author":"Goldberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939","article-title":"A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control","volume":"373","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0049","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Physician Examination Procedures Manual 2013. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/2013-2014\/mauals\/Phys_Exam_Manual_2013.pdf [accessed 24 February 2023]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S003","article-title":"Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2021","volume":"44","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.03.018","article-title":"Lifestyle changes and prevention of metabolic syndrome in the Heart of New Ulm Project","volume":"6","author":"VanWormer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016764","article-title":"Motivational \u201cspill-over\u201d during weight control: increased self-determination and exercise intrinsic motivation predict eating self-regulation","volume":"28","author":"Mata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1382","article-title":"Association of daily step count and step intensity with mortality among US adults","volume":"323","author":"Saint-Maurice","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14854","article-title":"The physical activity guidelines for Americans","volume":"320","author":"Piercy","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127447","article-title":"Association between mindfulness and weight status in a general population from the NutriNet-Sant\u00e9 Study","volume":"10","author":"Camilleri","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020232","article-title":"Mindfulness is associated with the metabolic syndrome among individuals with a depressive symptomatology","volume":"10","author":"Guyot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0058","series-title":"Behavioral economics and public health","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0059","unstructured":"Christakis NA, Fowler JH. Connected: the surprising power of our social networks and how they shape our lives. New York: Little, Brown; 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.5.852","article-title":"A new tool to assess treatment fidelity and evaluation of treatment fidelity across 10 years of health behavior research","volume":"73","author":"Borrelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.028381","article-title":"Food and Drug Administration's Obesity Drug Guidance Document: a short history","volume":"125","author":"Colman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1107913","article-title":"Full coverage for preventive medications after myocardial infarction","volume":"365","author":"Choudhry","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.22.2449","article-title":"Effect of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts on metabolic syndrome status: one-year results of the PREDIMED randomized trial","volume":"168","author":"Salas-Salvad\u00f3","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818844b7","article-title":"Exercise decreases the risk of metabolic syndrome in elderly females","volume":"41","author":"Kemmler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.12.005","article-title":"Prevention of the metabolic syndrome in IGT subjects in a lifestyle intervention: results from the SLIM study","volume":"23","author":"den Boer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2012.9.36","article-title":"Telephone counseling intervention improves dietary habits and metabolic parameters of patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Fappa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6828","article-title":"Design and analysis of trials with a partially nested design and a binary outcome measure","volume":"35","author":"Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1191\/1740774505cn071oa","article-title":"Determinants of the intracluster correlation coefficient in cluster randomized trials: the case of implementation research","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026972","article-title":"Multilevel factorial experiments for developing behavioral interventions: power, sample size, and resource considerations","volume":"17","author":"Dziak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman LM, Furberg CD, DeMets DL, et al. Fundamentals of clinical trials. 5th ed. Cham: Springer; 2015.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18539-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1203730","article-title":"The prevention and treatment of missing data in clinical trials","volume":"367","author":"Little","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molenberghs G, Kenward M. Missing data in clinical studies. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2007.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470510445"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-139","article-title":"The risks and rewards of covariate adjustment in randomized trials: an assessment of 12 outcomes from 8 studies","volume":"15","author":"Kahan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z","article-title":"The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Saklayen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Hyperten Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0075","unstructured":"Pew Research Center. Current population survey, annual social and economic supplement. 2023. https:\/\/pewrsr.ch\/3n2ZuDn [accessed 15 June 2023]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0076","unstructured":"Vespa J, Medina L, Armstrong DM. Demographic turning points for the United States: population projections for 2020 to 2060. Curr Pop Rep 2020:P251144 Washington DC: US Census Bureau."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-138","article-title":"Effects of lifestyle modification on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Yamaoka","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.06.035","article-title":"Lifestyle modification for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"127","author":"Bassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.153988","article-title":"Supervised lifestyle intervention for people with metabolic syndrome improves outcomes and reduces individual risk factors of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"van Namen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257433","article-title":"Nutritional and lifestyle intervention strategies for metabolic syndrome in Southeast Asia: a scoping review of recent evidence","volume":"16","author":"Thor","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18030887","article-title":"The effect of lifestyle intervention on health-related quality of life in adults with metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Marcos-Delgado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-019-00100-w","article-title":"Efficacy of habit-based weight loss interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Cleo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12156","article-title":"Mindfulness-based interventions for obesity-related eating behaviours: a literature review","volume":"15","author":"O'Reilly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-014-0131-x","article-title":"Mindfulness, eating behaviours, and obesity: a review and reflection on current findings","volume":"4","author":"Mantzios","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12461","article-title":"Mindfulness-based interventions for adults who are overweight or obese: a meta-analysis of physical and psychological health outcomes","volume":"18","author":"Rogers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-019-01163-1","article-title":"Effects of brief mindfulness-based interventions on health-related outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Howarth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c869","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"340","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0088","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. Table 1. Educational attainment of the population 18 years and over, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 2021. U.S. Department of Commerce 2021. https:\/\/data.census.gov\/table?q=education [accessed 15 June 2023]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.11.1619","article-title":"The Diabetes Prevention Program: baseline characteristics of the randomized cohort","volume":"23","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01487-0","article-title":"A systematic review on participant diversity in clinical trials\u2014have we made progress for the management of obesity and its metabolic sequelae in diet, drug, and surgical trials","volume":"10","author":"Johnson-Mann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2015.04.005","article-title":"Should weight loss and maintenance programmes be designed differently for men? A systematic review of long-term randomised controlled trials presenting data for men and women: The ROMEO project","volume":"10","author":"Robertson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Proeschold-Bell RJ, Turner EL, Bennett GG, et al. A 2-year holistic health and stress intervention: Results of an RCT in clergy. Am J Prev Med 2017;53:290\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.04.009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0093","first-page":"1","article-title":"Precision medicine and metabolic syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Gharipour","year":"2022","journal-title":"ARYA Atheroscler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1605086","article-title":"Genetic risk, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and coronary disease","volume":"375","author":"Khera","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0095","article-title":"Environment and obesity","volume":"100S","author":"Nicolaidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"18","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0100","series-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Anthropometry Manual","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2011.38","article-title":"Patient medication adherence: measures in daily practice","volume":"26","author":"Jimmy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0103","series-title":"Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.10.006","article-title":"An examination of sex and racial\/ethnic differences in the metabolic syndrome among adults: a confirmatory factor analysis and a resulting continuous severity score","volume":"63","author":"Gurka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.19.6.586","article-title":"Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: Preliminary data in healthy, white women","volume":"19","author":"Adler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0107","article-title":"Household food security in the United States in 2013","volume":"73","author":"Coleman-Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"USDA-ERS Economic Research Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6572","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6572","article-title":"Stop the silent misdiagnosis: patients\u2019 preferences matter","volume":"345","author":"Mulley","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.12.010","article-title":"Patient preferences in randomised controlled trials: Conceptual framework and implications for research","volume":"61","author":"Bower","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Ekelund U, et al. Accelerometer data collection and processing criteria to assess physical activity and other outcomes: a systematic review and practical considerations. Sports Med 2017;47:1821\u201345.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0716-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225670","article-title":"Physical activity levels in adults and elderly from triaxial and uniaxial accelerometry. The Tromso study","volume":"14","author":"Sagelv","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1503","article-title":"Evaluation of 2 brief instruments and a food-frequency questionnaire to estimate daily number of servings of fruit and vegetables","volume":"71","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191105283504","article-title":"Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness","volume":"13","author":"Baer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191107313003","article-title":"Construct validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples","volume":"15","author":"Baer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x","article-title":"Reflections on past behavior: a self-report index of habit strength","volume":"33","author":"Verplanken","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0116","unstructured":"Park S, Pan L. A data user's guide to the BRFSS sugar-sweetened beverage questions. Module 5. Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2013. cdc.gov\/BRFSS\/data_documentation\/PDF\/BRFSS_SSB-UserGuide.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(87)90022-3","article-title":"The development of scales to measure social support for diet and exercise behaviors","volume":"16","author":"Sallis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2007.01.006","article-title":"Eating competence: definition and evidence for the Satter eating competence model","volume":"39","author":"Satter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr Educ Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2019.05.287","article-title":"Satter Eating Competence Inventory subscale restructure after confirmatory factor analysis","volume":"51","author":"Godleski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr Educ Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026","article-title":"The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population","volume":"114","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7916(00)00012-4","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the credibility\/expectancy questionnaire","volume":"31","author":"Devilly","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0123","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. HCAHPS Fact Sheet 2008, Baltimore MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; cms.gov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/QMH.0000000000000117","article-title":"Examining the relationship between perceived quality of care and actual quality of care as measured by 30-day readmission rates","volume":"26","author":"Salinas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Qual Manag Health Care"}],"container-title":["American Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002870323003599?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002870323003599?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:59:42Z","timestamp":1762077582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002870323003599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":121,"alternative-id":["S0002870323003599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8703","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Enhancing Lifestyles in the Metabolic syndrome (ELM) multisite behavioral efficacy trial. Design and baseline cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Heart Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}