{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:40:48Z","timestamp":1792057248889,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T09:45:25Z","timestamp":1758620725000},"page":"100620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Review on the effects of fasting on cardiac patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Alaaeddine","family":"El Ghazawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunia","family":"Alhareth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwan","family":"Refaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0005","first-page":"7","article-title":"The impact of diurnal fasting during Ramadan on the lipid profile, hs-CRP, and serum leptin in stable cardiac patients","volume":"8","author":"Khafaji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2022.2138344","article-title":"Islamic fasting: cardiovascular disease perspective","volume":"20","author":"Naz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-319273","article-title":"Ramadan fasting: recommendations for patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"108","author":"Akhtar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0020","first-page":"47","article-title":"The effect of fasting in Ramadan on patients with heart disease","volume":"25","author":"Chamsi-Pasha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.315.7649","article-title":"The effect of Ramadan fasting on cardiometabolic risk factors and anthropometrics parameters: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Mazidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pak. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-11-69","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular risk factors: a prospective observational study","volume":"11","author":"Nematy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0035","first-page":"987","article-title":"Is Ramadan fasting related to health outcomes? A review on the related evidence","volume":"19","author":"Rouhani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0040","first-page":"491","article-title":"Effect of Ramadan fasting on serum heat shock protein 70 and serum lipid profile","volume":"52","author":"Zare","year":"2011","journal-title":"Singapore Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.774270","article-title":"Impact of religious Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"Salim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02566.x","article-title":"The effect of Ramadan fasting on cerebral stroke: a prospective hospital-based study","volume":"16","author":"el-Mitwalli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0055","article-title":"The effect of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular events and risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"159","author":"Almulhem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1376629","article-title":"Acute heart failure presentations and outcomes during the fasting month of Ramadan: an observational report from seven Middle Eastern countries","volume":"34","author":"Salam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0770.179547","article-title":"The cardiac patient in Ramadan","volume":"6","author":"Chamsi-Pasha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.012526","article-title":"A population based study of Ramadan fasting and acute coronary syndromes","volume":"90","author":"Al Suwaidi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6610455","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6610455","article-title":"Impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting on the heart rate variability and cardiovascular parameters of patients with controlled hypertension","volume":"2021","author":"Hammoud","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0080","first-page":"15","article-title":"The impact of diurnal fasting during Ramadan on patients with established cardiac disease: a systematic review","author":"Refaat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Cardiovasc. Forum J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.04.131","article-title":"Impact of religious fasting on the burden of atrial fibrillation: a population-based study","volume":"168","author":"Salam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.09.042","article-title":"An observational study of the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among jordanian patients: identifying the influence of Ramadan fasting","volume":"59","author":"Raffee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01784-8","article-title":"The safety of Ramadan fasting following percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"20","author":"Amin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.7887","article-title":"Ramadan fast in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"16","author":"Mousavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2019.10.008","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmia linked to long intermittent fasting","volume":"58","author":"Kahraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electrocardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0110","first-page":"140","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular risk factors: a narrative review","volume":"4","author":"Soleimani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Fast. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12496","article-title":"The effects of fasting in Muslim patients taking warfarin","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.5152\/AnatolJCardiol.2021.206","article-title":"Recommendations for Ramadan fasting to patients with cardiovascular diseases; Turkish Society of Cardiology consensus report","volume":"25","author":"Alper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anatol. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.05.002","article-title":"Does four-week consecutive, dawn-to-sunset intermittent fasting during Ramadan affect cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"31","author":"Jahrami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad141","article-title":"Changes in energy and macronutrient intakes during Ramadan fasting: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"82","author":"Abdelrahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2022.2155137","article-title":"Letter to the editor - Islamic fasting: cardiovascular disease perspective","volume":"20","author":"Castillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5812\/ijem.9602","article-title":"The effect of ramadan fasting and physical activity on body composition, serum osmolarity levels and some parameters of electrolytes in females","volume":"11","author":"Attarzadeh Hosseini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.922544","article-title":"Assessment of water consumption during Ramadan intermittent fasting: result from Indonesian cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Sunardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01257-0","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Aba\u00efdia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109185","article-title":"Diabetes and Ramadan: practical guidelines 2021","volume":"185","author":"Hassanein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.02948.x","article-title":"Ramadan Education and Awareness in Diabetes (READ) programme for Muslims with Type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramadan","volume":"27","author":"Bravis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."}],"container-title":["American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666602225001235?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666602225001235?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T12:15:37Z","timestamp":1770380137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666602225001235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S2666602225001235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6022","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Review on the effects of fasting on cardiac patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100620","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100620"}}