{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:06:36Z","timestamp":1770422796369,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T19:11:59Z","timestamp":1759345919000},"page":"100627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mendelian randomization of autoimmune hepatitis and cardiovascular diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian Jun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei Wen","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai Di","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao Bin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413578","article-title":"Pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis-cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Sirbe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.17","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Mieli-Vergani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103591","article-title":"B and T cells: (still) the dominant orchestrators in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"23","author":"Longhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-28032015000500002","article-title":"Brazilian society of hepatology recommendations for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases of the liver","volume":"52","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arq. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14746","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in Asian, European, and American population","volume":"34","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070201","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"380","author":"Muratori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020117-043534","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Webb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.746436","article-title":"Dysfunctional immune regulation in autoimmune hepatitis: from pathogenesis to novel therapies","volume":"12","author":"Vuerich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.06.016","article-title":"The interplay between regulatory and effector T cells in autoimmune hepatitis: implications for innovative treatment strategies","volume":"46","author":"Muratori","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.007","article-title":"Cytokine circuits in cardiovascular disease","volume":"50","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad197","article-title":"Association of interleukin-6 and interleukin-18 with cardiovascular disease in older adults: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study","volume":"30","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.12.002","article-title":"The epidemiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with SLE: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.206","article-title":"Cardiorheumatology: cardiac involvement in systemic rheumatic disease","volume":"12","author":"Prasad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03210-9","article-title":"Increased burden of cardiovascular disease in people with liver disease: unequal geographical variations, risk factors and excess years of life lost","volume":"20","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2019.05.005","article-title":"Association of autoimmune hepatitis and cardiovascular disease","volume":"51","author":"Persaud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00931-x","article-title":"A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes","volume":"53","author":"Sakaue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-411-1_1","article-title":"SNPs: impact on gene function and phenotype","volume":"578","author":"Shastry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034","article-title":"Mendelian randomization: using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Lawlor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa070","article-title":"Plasma lipids and risk of aortic valve stenosis: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"41","author":"Nazarzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42239","article-title":"Genetic liability to rheumatoid arthritis in relation to coronary artery disease and stroke risk","volume":"74","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102","article-title":"Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption","volume":"46","author":"Hartwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7221","article-title":"A framework for the investigation of pleiotropy in two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization","volume":"36","author":"Bowden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42113-018-0011-7","article-title":"Limitations of Bayesian leave-one-out cross-validation for model selection","volume":"2","author":"Gronau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i1.60","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis, one disease with many faces: etiopathogenetic, clinico-laboratory and histological characteristics","volume":"21","author":"Gatselis","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1159\/000456588","article-title":"Can understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis lead to rational therapy?","volume":"35","author":"Lohse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0189","article-title":"Recent updates on the management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"27","author":"Komori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9437043","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis-immunologically triggered liver pathogenesis-diagnostic and therapeutic strategies","volume":"2019","author":"Sucher","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.25.3137","article-title":"Trends and disparities in coronary heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in the United States: findings of the national conference on cardiovascular disease prevention","volume":"102","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.09.802","article-title":"Long-term incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with autoimmune disease","volume":"82","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.4.1180","article-title":"Histological substrate of atrial biopsies in patients with lone atrial fibrillation","volume":"96","author":"Frustaci","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0160","first-page":"935","article-title":"Role of inflammation in initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review of the published data","volume":"6","author":"Phillips","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Atr. Fibrillation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01211.x","article-title":"The relationship between hepatic immunoglobulin production and CD154 expression in chronic liver diseases","volume":"26","author":"Mayo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/35393","article-title":"CD40 ligand on activated platelets triggers an inflammatory reaction of endothelial cells","volume":"391","author":"Henn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.046","article-title":"Effect of atrial fibrillation on atrial thrombogenesis in humans: impact of rate and rhythm","volume":"61","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.07.107","article-title":"Effect of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on in-hospital and long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"120","author":"Keskin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2022.11.3.280","article-title":"The triglyceride-glucose index can predict long-term major adverse cardiovascular events in Turkish patients with high cardiovascular risk","volume":"11","author":"Hay\u0131ro\u011flu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Lipid Atheroscler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2023-0113","article-title":"Admission triglyceride-glucose index is predictor of long-term mortality and appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator therapy in patients with heart failure","volume":"17","author":"\u00d6zcan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomark. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0195","article-title":"Causal relationship between chronic hepatitis B and stroke in East Asians: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12548","article-title":"Association of hepatitis B virus infection with decreased ischemic stroke","volume":"134","author":"Tseng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.10.004","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil treatment in patients with autoimmune hepatitis failing standard therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine","volume":"51","author":"Giannakopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13584","article-title":"A real-world study focused on the long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil as first-line treatment of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Zachou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2015.1095351","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with difficult to treat type 1 autoimmune hepatitis on tacrolimus therapy","volume":"51","author":"Than","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.09.037","article-title":"Efficacy of 6-mercaptopurine as second-line treatment for patients with autoimmune hepatitis and azathioprine intolerance","volume":"14","author":"H\u00fcbener","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100229","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonism improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"83","author":"Schinzari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-022-00682-0","article-title":"Antihypertensive effects of immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune disease","volume":"37","author":"Clemmer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016160","article-title":"Targeting interleukin-1\u03b2 reduces leukocyte production after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"132","author":"Sager","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003199","article-title":"Targeting interleukin-1 in heart disease","volume":"128","author":"Van Tassell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666602225001302?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666602225001302?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T12:17:27Z","timestamp":1770380247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666602225001302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S2666602225001302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6022","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mendelian randomization of autoimmune hepatitis and cardiovascular diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahjo.2025.100627","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100627"}}