{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:18:25Z","timestamp":1784740705929,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008444","name":"Parkinsonfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008444","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T23:18:54Z","timestamp":1753744734000},"page":"1086-1092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating the impact of body weight changes and blood lipids on risk for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"H\u00e5glin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Edstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"B\u00e4ckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6526-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"H\u00e5glin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0244-7","article-title":"Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28127","article-title":"Application of a simple Parkinson\u2019s disease risk score in a longitudinal population-based cohort","volume":"35","author":"Marini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.02.044","article-title":"Weight loss is associated with rapid striatal dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"Pak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm211","article-title":"Body mass index and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"166","author":"Logroscino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27922","article-title":"Body mass index, diabetes, and the risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Jeong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04861-0","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlations of underweight in Chinese newly diagnosed and drug-na\u00efve patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib7","first-page":"VII38","article-title":"Weight loss in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"253","author":"Kashihara","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004691","article-title":"Early weight loss in Parkinsonism predicts poor outcomes: evidence from an incident cohort study","volume":"89","author":"Cumming","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.06.015","article-title":"Progressive and accelerated weight and body fat loss in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a three-year prospective longitudinal study","volume":"77","author":"Yong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E232","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201404","article-title":"Association of early weight change with cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson disease","volume":"100","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2011.06.022","article-title":"Relationship between changes of body mass index (BMI) and cognitive decline in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD)","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01470-x","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease and the non-motor symptoms: hyposmia, weight loss, osteosarcopenia","volume":"32","author":"De Rui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4756","article-title":"Decline in weight and incident mild cognitive impairment: Mayo Clinic study of aging","volume":"73","author":"Alhurani","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcogn.2024.1369538","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: current view","volume":"3","author":"Jellinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cogn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12375","article-title":"Cognitive function in the early phase of Parkinson\u2019s disease, a five-year follow-up","volume":"132","author":"Domell\u00f6f","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050717","article-title":"Changes in weight and compositions of major membrane components of human brain during the span of adult human life of Swedes","volume":"94","author":"Svennerholm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R120000922","article-title":"Aging and plasma triglyceride metabolism","volume":"61","author":"Spitler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib18","first-page":"838","article-title":"The serum lipid profile of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: a study from China, Int","volume":"125","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(95)00269-3","article-title":"Weight change and body composition in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"95","author":"Beyer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.259","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and the risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"69","author":"Vikdahl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22987","article-title":"Incidence of Parkinson\u2019s disease and Parkinsonism in northern Sweden: a population-based study","volume":"25","author":"Linder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib22","series-title":"The UPDRS Development Committee","author":"Fahn","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v5i0.19166","article-title":"Community participation and sustainability--evidence over 25 years in the V\u00e4sterbotten Intervention Programme","volume":"5","author":"Norberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac040","article-title":"Prediction and early biomarkers of cognitive decline in Parkinson disease and atypical Parkinsonism: a population-based study","volume":"4","author":"B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v3i0.4643","article-title":"The v\u00e4sterbotten intervention programme: background, design and implications","volume":"3","author":"Norberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9625-y","article-title":"Validity of a short questionnaire to assess physical activity in 10 European countries","volume":"27","author":"Peters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2001315","article-title":"Validation and calibration of food-frequency questionnaire measurements in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease cohort","volume":"5","author":"Johansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(98)00171-3","article-title":"The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and its use in grading the nutritional state of elderly patients","volume":"15","author":"Vellas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c34b47","article-title":"Validity of the MoCA and MMSE in the detection of MCI and dementia in Parkinson disease","volume":"73","author":"Hoops","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft085","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"42","author":"Yarnall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109436","article-title":"Bile acid abnormality induced by intestinal dysbiosis might explain lipid metabolism in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"134","author":"Hasuike","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unravelling the mechanisms of underweight in Parkinson\u2019s disease by investigating into the role of gut microbiome","volume":"10","author":"Shih","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Park Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23488","article-title":"An activated sympathetic nervous system affects white adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis in a rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"93","author":"Meng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.10.016","article-title":"Rest energy expenditure in Parkinson\u2019s disease: role of disease progression and dopaminergic therapy","volume":"19","author":"Capecci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.07.001","article-title":"Body mass index is reduced early in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Cheshire","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000184520.21744.a2","article-title":"Education and occupations preceding Parkinson disease: a population-based case-control study","volume":"65","author":"Frigerio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.963163","article-title":"Intelligence, education level, and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease in European populations: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202050","article-title":"High IQ in early adulthood is associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Fardell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-213135","article-title":"Blood lipid biomarkers in early Parkinson\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"12","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00084","article-title":"Mechanisms of body weight fluctuations in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Kistner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28536","article-title":"Changes in body composition before and after Parkinson\u2019s disease diagnosis","volume":"36","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210625","article-title":"Longitudinal body weight change, visit-to-visit body weight fluctuation, and cognitive decline among older adults","volume":"84","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2315","article-title":"Cognitive effects of intentional weight loss in elderly obese individuals with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"101","author":"Horie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182190d09","article-title":"Midlife overweight and obesity increase late-life dementia risk: a population-based twin study","volume":"76","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-017-0906-3","article-title":"Late-life body mass index, rapid weight loss, apolipoprotein E \u03b54 and the risk of cognitive decline and incident dementia","volume":"21","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8800-4","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the Parkinson\u2019s disease cognitive study (PACOS)","volume":"265","author":"Monastero","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20837","article-title":"Predictors of weight loss in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Uc","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002640","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and risk of Parkinson disease: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Nam","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2020.0060","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and Parkinson\u2019s disease incidence: a nationwide study using propensity score matching","volume":"19","author":"Roh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.05.013","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome contributes to cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"55","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.107174","article-title":"Trajectory of change in body mass index in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"130","author":"Henderson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.107181","article-title":"Risk factors and evolution of weight loss in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a 9-year population-based study","volume":"129","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916525004356?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916525004356?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:35:55Z","timestamp":1772822155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916525004356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916525004356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigating the impact of body weight changes and blood lipids on risk for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a prospective cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}