{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:23:25Z","timestamp":1793579005391,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007235","name":"Colorado State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:08:22Z","timestamp":1772150902000},"page":"101254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Infant hyperglycemic excursions by saliva 1,5-anhydroglucitol varied by weight status, rapid weight gain, and mode of feeding: an exploratory secondary analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1688-3288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Taren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinzie","family":"Matzeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie P","family":"Gilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikayla","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Doenges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy F","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7537-z","article-title":"Infancy weight gain, parental socioeconomic position, and childhood overweight and obesity: a Danish register-based cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Rotevatn","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12632","article-title":"Rapid weight gain during infancy and subsequent adiposity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence","volume":"19","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab115","article-title":"Fat mass accretion from birth to 5 years and metabolic homeostasis in childhood: the Healthy Start Study","volume":"106","author":"Sauder","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250600719754","article-title":"Rapid infancy weight gain and subsequent obesity: systematic reviews and hopeful suggestions","volume":"95","author":"Ong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib5","first-page":"60","article-title":"Rapid infant weight gain is associated with excess adiposity at 7-years of age in children from Aragon, Spain, Child Adolesc","volume":"4","author":"Flores-Barrantes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-024-01534-5","article-title":"The proportion of weight gain due to change in fat mass in infants with vs without rapid growth","volume":"79","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib7","article-title":"Mediating effect of infant rapid weight gain on the association between exclusive breastfeeding and the risk of obesity later in life, Pediatr","volume":"20","author":"Nagore Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.168","article-title":"Rate of neonatal weight gain and effects on adult metabolic health","volume":"8","author":"Kerkhof","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03642-x","article-title":"Mechanisms and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents","volume":"84","author":"Codazzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23861","article-title":"Rapid infant weight gain or point-in-time weight status: which is the best predictor of later obesity and body composition?","volume":"31","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00083","article-title":"Salivary diagnostics in pediatrics: applicability, translatability, and limitations","volume":"5","author":"Hassaneen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib12","first-page":"3291","article-title":"Research on consistency of different measurement methods for saliva 1,5-anhydroglucitol]","volume":"100","author":"Jian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2022.18.68","article-title":"1,5-Anhydroglucitol as a marker of acute hyperglycemia in cardiovascular events","volume":"18","author":"Miga\u0142a","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Diabet. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0607","article-title":"Association of 1,5-anhydroglucitol with cardiovascular disease and mortality","volume":"65","author":"Selvin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1910","article-title":"1,5-Anhydroglucitol and postprandial hyperglycemia as measured by continuous glucose monitoring system in moderately controlled patients with diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Dungan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-0897-6","article-title":"Measurement of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in blood and saliva: from non-targeted metabolomics to biochemical assay","volume":"14","author":"Halama","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib17","article-title":"Effects of complementary feeding with different protein-rich foods on infant growth and gut health: study protocol","volume":"9","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib18","first-page":"76","article-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards based on length\/height, weight and age","volume":"450","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa114","article-title":"Diabetes screening: detection and application of saliva 1,5-anhydroglucitol by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"105","author":"Jian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.15713\/ins.jcri.263","article-title":"Evaluation of 1, 5-anhydroglucitolas a salivary biomarker in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","volume":"6","author":"Asha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adv. Clin. Res. Insights."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E479","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3596","article-title":"1,5-Anhydroglucitol in saliva is a noninvasive marker of short-term glycemic control","volume":"99","author":"Mook-Kanamori","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.62","article-title":"The relationship of rapid weight gain in infancy to obesity and skeletal maturity in childhood","volume":"11","author":"Cameron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-11-99","article-title":"Determinants of rapid weight gain during infancy: baseline results from the NOURISH randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Mihrshahi","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416808","article-title":"Catch-up growth as a risk factor for rapid weight gain, earlier menarche and earlier pubertal growth spurt in girls born small for gestational age (SGA)-a longitudinal study","volume":"19","author":"Durda-Masny","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib25","article-title":"The progress of clinical research on the detection of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in diabetes and its complications","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.07.028","article-title":"Glycemic control and variability in association with body mass index and body composition over 18 months in youth with type 1 diabetes","volume":"120","author":"Lipsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3136\/fstr.FSTR-D-24-00054","article-title":"Development of a method for determination of 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol in milk and its content of human breast milk","volume":"30","author":"Yoshinaga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib28","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Effects of dietary carbohydrate on 1,5-anhydroglucitol in a population without diabetes: results from the OmniCarb trial, Diabet","volume":"34","author":"Juraschek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2025.107369","article-title":"US infant formulas contain primarily added sugars: an analysis of infant formulas on the US market","volume":"141","author":"Rips-Goodwin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Food Compost. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1471577","article-title":"The clinical potential of 1,5-anhydroglucitol as biomarker in diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.1665","article-title":"Risk of bottle-feeding for rapid weight gain during the first year of life","volume":"166","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02391-4","article-title":"Nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for rapid weight gain during the first year of life: a population-based birth cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Lindholm","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib33","article-title":"Infant formula feeding practices associated with rapid weight gain: a systematic review, Matern","volume":"14","author":"Appleton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.02.002","article-title":"Observed infant food cue responsivity: associations with maternal report of infant eating behavior, breastfeeding, and infant weight gain","volume":"112","author":"Buvinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.08.001","article-title":"Serum metabolomic markers of dairy consumption: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and the Bogalusa Heart Study","volume":"153","author":"Bernard","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(96)00050-5","article-title":"Common reabsorption system of 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol, fructose, and mannose in rat renal tubule","volume":"1291","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.06.023","article-title":"Habitual intake of dairy products influences serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels independently of plasma glucose","volume":"90","author":"Koga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib38","first-page":"E268","article-title":"Origin and disposal of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, a major polyol in the human body","volume":"263","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.8.1859","article-title":"Circulating 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels in adult patients with diabetes reflect longitudinal changes of glycemia: a U.S. trial of the GlycoMark assay","volume":"27","author":"McGill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113552","article-title":"Early infant formula feeding impacts urinary metabolite profile at 3 months of age","volume":"12","author":"Rosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7676","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1960967","article-title":"Human milk imparts higher insulin concentration in infants born to women with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"35","author":"Rodel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib42","first-page":"277","article-title":"Carbohydrate composition in breast milk and its effect on infant health","volume":"23","author":"Berger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50557-9","article-title":"Cloning and functional expression of a mammalian Na+\/nucleoside cotransporter. A member of the SGLT family","volume":"267","author":"Pajor","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy334","article-title":"Maternal obesity and the human milk metabolome: associations with infant body composition and postnatal weight gain","volume":"110","author":"Isganaitis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916526000638?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916526000638?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:47:16Z","timestamp":1777632436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916526000638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916526000638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Infant hyperglycemic excursions by saliva 1,5-anhydroglucitol varied by weight status, rapid weight gain, and mode of feeding: an exploratory secondary analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101254","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101254"}}