{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T10:31:10Z","timestamp":1793615470068,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1 NS041588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1 NS041588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20 GM135007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 GM135007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL165452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL165452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:50:46Z","timestamp":1787327446000},"page":"101490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plant-based diets, stroke, and heart outcomes: a prospective study of the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily H","family":"Belarmino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil A","family":"Zakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Cushman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika M","family":"Safford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol R","family":"Oladele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne E","family":"Judd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics 2023 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"147","author":"Tsao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001256","article-title":"Forecasting the burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke in the United States through 2050-prevalence of risk factors and disease: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"150","author":"Joynt Maddox","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.15563","article-title":"Leading causes of death in the US, 2019-2023","volume":"332","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0158","article-title":"The state of US health, 1990-2016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US states","volume":"319","author":"Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-023-00877-2","article-title":"Associations between plant-based dietary patterns and risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002039","article-title":"Plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes in United States men and women: results from three prospective cohort studies","volume":"13","author":"Satija","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy301","article-title":"Change in plant-based diet quality is associated with changes in plasma adiposity-associated biomarker associations in women","volume":"149","author":"Baden","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041014","article-title":"Changes in plant-based diet quality and total and cause-specific mortality","volume":"140","author":"Baden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.047","article-title":"Healthful and unhealthful plant-based diets and the risk of coronary artery disease in U.S. adults","volume":"70","author":"Satija","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz049","article-title":"Changes in intake of plant-based diets and weight change: results from 3 prospective cohort studies","volume":"110","author":"Satija","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.2176","article-title":"Association between healthy eating patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"180","author":"Shan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.6117","article-title":"Healthy eating patterns and risk of total and cause-specific mortality","volume":"183","author":"Shan","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1940","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011713","article-title":"Quality of plant-based diet and risk of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke","volume":"96","author":"Baden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02660-7","article-title":"A prospective study of healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet and risk of overall and cause-specific mortality","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2021.101245","article-title":"Access to healthy food in urban and rural areas: an empirical analysis","volume":"23","author":"Losada-Rojas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transp. Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839914554454","article-title":"Food cost disparities in rural communities","volume":"16","author":"Hardin-Fanning","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Prompt. Pratt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000086678","article-title":"The reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study: objectives and design","volume":"25","author":"Howard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib15","series-title":"Rural-urban commuting area codes [Internet]","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90099-B","article-title":"Validation of a self-administered diet history questionnaire using multiple diet records","volume":"43","author":"Block","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(98)00055-6","article-title":"Measurement characteristics of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative food frequency questionnaire","volume":"9","author":"Patterson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1198\/016214506000000771","article-title":"Structured measurement error in nutritional epidemiology; applications in the Pregnancy, Infection, and nutrition (PIN) Study","volume":"102","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005763","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Block98 food-frequency questionnaire in a sample of Canadian women","volume":"9","author":"Boucher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003863","article-title":"Plant-based diets and incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in African Americans: a cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Weston","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac174","article-title":"A healthy plant-based diet is favorably associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among participants with South Asian ancestry","volume":"116","author":"Bhupathiraju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000100560.46946.EA","article-title":"Case definitions for acute coronary artery disease in epidemiology and clinical research studies: a statement from the AHA Council on Epidemiology and Prevention","volume":"108","author":"Luepker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31826e1058","article-title":"Third universal definition of myocardial infarction","volume":"126","author":"Thygesen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr033","article-title":"Agreement on cause of death between proxies, death certificates, and clinician adjudicators in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study","volume":"173","author":"Halanych","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22385","article-title":"Disparities in stroke incidence contributing to disparities in stroke mortality","volume":"69","author":"Howard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2026.108591","article-title":"Plant-based diets: not always a free choice for rural adults","volume":"224","author":"Abdul-Rahaman","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appetite."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.9060","article-title":"Differences in Cardiovascular health at the intersection of race, ethnicity, and sexual identity","volume":"7","author":"Rosendale","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy019","article-title":"Healthy plant-based diets are associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in US adults","volume":"148","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012865","article-title":"Plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of incident cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease-related mortality, and all-cause mortality in a general population with middle-aged adults","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980022000659","article-title":"Degree of adherence to plant-based diet and total and cause-specific mortality: prospective cohort study in the Million Veteran Program","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac199","article-title":"Healthy dietary patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease in US Hispanics\/Latinos: the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos (HCHS\/SOL)","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.04.004","article-title":"Plant-based diets and mortality in Black and low-income Americans: findings from a large prospective cohort study","volume":"121","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00080","article-title":"Relation vegetarian dietary patterns with major cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"6","author":"Glenn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093019","article-title":"Risk of incident stroke among vegetarians compared to nonvegetarians: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31820d0793","article-title":"The importance of population-wide sodium reduction as a means to prevent cardiovascular disease and stroke: a call to action from the American Heart Association","volume":"123","author":"Appel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.13563","article-title":"Added sugar intake and cardiovascular diseases mortality among we adults","volume":"174","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib41","series-title":"Feeding the Family: The Social Organization of Caring as Gendered Work","author":"DeVault","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030877","article-title":"Food agency in the United States: associations with cooking behavior and dietary intake","volume":"12","author":"Wolfson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-022-01046-2","article-title":"Biology, bias, or both? The contribution of sex and gender to the disparity in cardiovascular outcomes between women and men","volume":"24","author":"Gauci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122915","article-title":"The potential for plant-based diets to promote health among blacks living in the United States","volume":"11","author":"Sterling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.08.004","article-title":"Trends in plant-based diets among United States adults, 1999-March 2020","volume":"154","author":"Sullivan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916526002996?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916526002996?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T10:14:50Z","timestamp":1793614490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916526002996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916526002996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plant-based diets, stroke, and heart outcomes: a prospective study of the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101490","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101490"}}