{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T10:31:23Z","timestamp":1793615483649,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1169033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1169033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T15:11:01Z","timestamp":1788016261000},"page":"101509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Growth trajectories and early-life attention and memory outcomes: parallel analyses of cohorts in Malawi and the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9919-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davrina","family":"Rianda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M","family":"Oakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles D","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela C","family":"DeBolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthews","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron G","family":"Beckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M","family":"Maleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer T","family":"Smilowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4575-8571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine P","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10064","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31389-7","article-title":"Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course","volume":"389","author":"Black","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12365","article-title":"Annual research review: growth connectomics\u2014the organization and reorganization of brain networks during normal and abnormal development","volume":"56","author":"V\u00e9rtes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-7687.00104","article-title":"Neural plasticity and human development: the role of early experience in sculpting memory systems","volume":"3","author":"Nelson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1676285","article-title":"How early experience shapes human development: the case of psychosocial deprivation","volume":"2019","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural. Plast."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12126","article-title":"Infant attention and early childhood executive function","volume":"85","author":"Cuevas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e217","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30354-0","article-title":"Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation and other biomedical and socioenvironmental influences on children's cognition at age 9\u201312 years in Indonesia: follow-up of the SUMMIT randomised trial","volume":"5","author":"Prado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12102","article-title":"Nutrition and brain development in early life","volume":"72","author":"Prado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020683","article-title":"Framework to construct and interpret latent class trajectory modelling","volume":"8","author":"Lennon","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.v1i4.39","article-title":"Nutrition and growth","volume":"1","author":"Lifshitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1431-5","article-title":"Growth faltering is associated with altered brain functional connectivity and cognitive outcomes in urban Bangladeshi children exposed to early adversity","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003784","article-title":"Catch-up growth in infants and young children with faltering growth: expert opinion to guide general clinicians","volume":"77","author":"Cooke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad030","article-title":"Inflammation: the driver of poor outcomes among children with severe acute malnutrition?","volume":"81","author":"Sturgeon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.42","article-title":"Growth trajectories in early childhood, their relationship with antenatal and postnatal factors, and development of obesity by age 9 years: results from an Australian birth cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Giles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.112300","article-title":"Weight gain in the first two years of life is an important predictor of schooling outcomes in pooled analyses from five birth cohorts from low- and middle-income countries","volume":"140","author":"Martorell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20998","article-title":"Growth patterns in early childhood and final attained stature: data from five birth cohorts from low- and middle-income countries","volume":"22","author":"Stein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa337","article-title":"Linear growth trajectories in early childhood and adult cognitive and socioemotional functioning in a Guatemalan cohort","volume":"151","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Luzuriaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib17","first-page":"29","article-title":"Assessing the effects of context in studies of child and youth development, Educ","volume":"34","author":"Duncan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2018.1564310","article-title":"Beyond the Bayley: neurocognitive assessments of development during infancy and toddlerhood","volume":"44","author":"Brito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib19","first-page":"219","article-title":"New evidence for the prediction of intelligence from infancy, Infant Ment","volume":"3","author":"Fagan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Health J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00795.x","article-title":"Relational memory during infancy: evidence from eye tracking","volume":"12","author":"Richmond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015806","article-title":"Fearful faces but not fearful eyes alone delay attention disengagement in 7-month-old infants","volume":"9","author":"Peltola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327078in0602_3","article-title":"Where infants look determines how they see: eye movements and object perception performance in 3-month-olds","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infancy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf235","article-title":"Eyes on development: exploring the impact of early life nutrition exposures on child cognition through eye-tracking assessment","volume":"84","author":"Rianda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12087","article-title":"The infant Orienting With Attention task: assessing the neural basis of spatial attention in infancy","volume":"20","author":"Ross-Sheehy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infancy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib25","series-title":"The Cambridge Handbook of Infant Development: Brain, Behavior, and Cultural Context","first-page":"341","article-title":"Infant memory","author":"Hayne","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib26","series-title":"The effect of trauma on the brain development of children: evidence-based principles for supporting the recovery of children in care, Child Family Community Australia information exchange","author":"McLean","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib27","first-page":"333","article-title":"Attention development in infants and preschool children born preterm: a review, Infant Behav","volume":"31","author":"van de Weijer-Bergsma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13439","article-title":"Examining infants' visual paired comparison performance in the US and rural Malawi","volume":"27","author":"Beckner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.14228","article-title":"A cross-cultural analysis of infants' spatial attention on the Infant Orienting With Attention (IOWA) task","volume":"96","author":"DeBolt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz163","article-title":"The effect of eggs on early child growth in rural Malawi: the Mazira Project randomized controlled trial","volume":"110","author":"Stewart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa088","article-title":"Early child development outcomes of a randomized trial providing 1 egg per day to children age 6 to 15 months in Malawi","volume":"150","author":"Prado","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib32","first-page":"1082","article-title":"The introduction of plant-derived glycans in exclusively 6-mo-old breastfed infants alters fecal glycan profiles and microbial metabolism (IMiND study) (abstract)","volume":"4","author":"Smilowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-019-0477-8","article-title":"Association of low birth weight with undernutrition in preschool-aged children in Malawi","volume":"18","author":"Ntenda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.13666.1","article-title":"Study protocol for UNICEF and WHO estimates of global, regional, and national low birthweight prevalence for 2000 to 2020","volume":"6","author":"Krasevec","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gates Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2025.106762","article-title":"Identification of growth trajectories in early life: a comparative study of Malawi and the United States (abstract)","volume":"9","author":"Rianda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0458-9","article-title":"Using height-for-age differences (HAD) instead of height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) for the meaningful measurement of population-level catch-up in linear growth in children less than 5 years of age","volume":"15","author":"Leroy","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib37","first-page":"76","article-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards based on length\/height, weight, and age","volume":"450","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29981","article-title":"Trajectory of body shape across the lifespan and cancer risk","volume":"138","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7693","article-title":"Community members of the HBGDki, Comparing predictive abilities of longitudinal child growth models","volume":"38","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-025-02812-1","article-title":"A systematic review of latent class analysis in psychology: examining the gap between guidelines and research practice","volume":"57","author":"Sorgente","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.456","article-title":"Group-based trajectory modeling of body mass index and body size over the life course: a scoping review","volume":"7","author":"De Rubeis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.8.3.338","article-title":"Distributional assumptions of growth mixture models: implications for overextraction of latent trajectory classes","volume":"8","author":"Bauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib43","article-title":"The association between plasma choline, growth, and neurodevelopment among Malawian children aged 6\u201315 months enrolled in an egg intervention trial","volume":"19","author":"Bragg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Later Child Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab363","article-title":"Low linoleic acid foods with added DHA given to Malawian children with severe acute malnutrition improve cognition: a randomized, triple-blinded, controlled clinical trial","volume":"115","author":"Stephenson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib45","article-title":"Predicting explicit memory for meaningful cartoons from visual paired comparison in infants and toddlers","volume":"215","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Child Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib46","article-title":"Infant visual preference for the mother\u2019s face and longitudinal associations with emotional reactivity in the first year of life","volume":"13","author":"Right","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1167\/17.10.610","article-title":"Infant visual exploration strategies predict own-race face discrimination","volume":"17","author":"Barry-Anwar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12516","article-title":"The impact of face masks on infants\u2019 learning of faces","volume":"28","author":"DeBolt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infancy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.37.1.135","article-title":"Attention and recognition memory in the 1st year of life: a longitudinal study of preterm and full-term infants","volume":"37","author":"Rose","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.2000.2606","article-title":"Long-term retention in 3.5-month-olds: familiarization time and individual differences in attentional style","volume":"79","author":"Courage","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Child Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib51","series-title":"Child Growth Standards [Internet]","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v075.i06","article-title":"robustlmm: an R package for robust estimation of linear mixed-effects models","volume":"75","author":"Koller","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.05.013","article-title":"Robust statistical methods: a primer for clinical psychology and experimental psychopathology researchers","volume":"98","author":"Field","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.113548","article-title":"Best (but oft-forgotten) practices: the multiple problems of multiplicity\u2014whether and how to correct for many statistical tests","volume":"102","author":"Streiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib55","first-page":"247","article-title":"Application of the pattern-mixture latent trajectory model in an epidemiological study with non-ignorable missingness","volume":"6","author":"Dodge","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Data Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2018.04.004","article-title":"Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: an individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project","volume":"120","author":"Jelenkovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665124000144","article-title":"Sex differences in growth and neurocognitive development in infancy and early childhood","volume":"83","author":"Moore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1013865","article-title":"Sex-specific behavioral outcomes of early-life adversity and emerging microglia-dependent mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Garvin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2008.03.012","article-title":"Sex differences in the fetal programming of hypertension","volume":"5","author":"Grigore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gend. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004436","article-title":"The principles of Nurturing Care promote human capital and mitigate adversities from preconception through adolescence","volume":"6","author":"Black","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015128","article-title":"Global health and development in early childhood","volume":"66","author":"Aboud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy101","article-title":"Perspective: what does stunting really mean? A critical review of the evidence","volume":"10","author":"Leroy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy126","article-title":"Does improved growth mean improved neurobehavioral development?","volume":"10","author":"Prado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12751","article-title":"Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso","volume":"58","author":"Prado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001155","article-title":"Path analyses of risk factors for linear growth faltering in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi and Burkina Faso","volume":"4","author":"Prado","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091752","article-title":"The effects of nutrition on linear growth","volume":"14","author":"Inzaghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn755","article-title":"Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain","volume":"3","author":"Corbetta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib68","first-page":"80","article-title":"Visual orienting and attention deficits in 5- and 10-month-old preterm infants, Infant Behav","volume":"46","author":"Ross-Sheehy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-022-02118-9","article-title":"Novelty preferences depend on goals","volume":"29","author":"Sehl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12221","article-title":"Continuity and stability in development","volume":"11","author":"Bornstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Dev. Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00899.x","article-title":"Something old, something new: a developmental transition from familiarity to novelty preferences with hidden objects","volume":"13","author":"Shinskey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2026.2629849","article-title":"A small latent class in growth mixture modeling: a simulation study","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Modeling"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaf012","article-title":"Associations of fetal and postnatal growth trajectories with child cognition: the GUSTO cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Ong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916526003187?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916526003187?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T10:16:58Z","timestamp":1793614618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916526003187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916526003187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Growth trajectories and early-life attention and memory outcomes: parallel analyses of cohorts in Malawi and the United States","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101509","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101509"}}