{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T21:27:26Z","timestamp":1793914046824,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:56:44Z","timestamp":1790060204000},"page":"101535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From mouth to colon: a framework for engineering food matrices to engage the satiety cascade and endogenous GLP-1 signaling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3951-6763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishal","family":"Ratanpaul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI990","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans","volume":"101","author":"Flint","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801627","article-title":"The effect of physiological levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 on appetite, gastric emptying, energy and substrate metabolism in obesity","volume":"25","author":"Flint","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2006","article-title":"The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1","volume":"87","author":"Holst","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-024-01460-6","article-title":"Reflections on the discovery GLP-1 as a satiety hormone: implications for obesity therapy and future directions","volume":"78","author":"Astrup","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008","article-title":"Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake","volume":"30","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib8","series-title":"Food Acceptance and Nutrition","first-page":"205","article-title":"Evaluating the satiating power of foods: implications for acceptance and consumption","author":"Blundell","year":"1987"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12221","article-title":"Food texture and the satiety cascade","volume":"41","author":"Chambers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.841444","article-title":"Influence of sensory properties in moderating eating behaviors and food intake","volume":"9","author":"Forde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2014","article-title":"Ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY(3-36): secretory controls and physiological roles in eating and glycemia in health, obesity, and after RYGB","volume":"97","author":"Steinert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi17-0021","article-title":"The gastrointestinal tract as an integrator of mechanical and hormonal response to nutrient ingestion","volume":"66","author":"Vella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13546","article-title":"Advances in the physiology of gastric emptying","volume":"31","author":"Goyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R524","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00039.2004","article-title":"Effects of intraduodenal fatty acids on appetite, antropyloroduodenal motility, and plasma CCK and GLP-1 in humans vary with their chain length","volume":"287","author":"Feltrin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.157248","article-title":"Duodenal and ileal glucose infusions differentially alter gastrointestinal peptides, appetite response, and food intake: a tube feeding study","volume":"106","author":"Poppitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.153","article-title":"The short chain fatty acid propionate stimulates GLP-1 and PYY secretion via free fatty acid receptor 2 in rodents","volume":"39","author":"Psichas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18259-0","article-title":"SCFAs strongly stimulate PYY production in human enteroendocrine cells","volume":"8","author":"Larraufie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307913","article-title":"Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults","volume":"64","author":"Chambers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G53","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00346.2017","article-title":"The impact of short-chain fatty acids on GLP-1 and PYY secretion from the isolated perfused rat colon","volume":"315","author":"Christiansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.249","article-title":"Acute increases in serum colonic short-chain fatty acids elicited by inulin do not increase GLP-1 or PYY responses but may reduce ghrelin in lean and overweight humans","volume":"71","author":"Rahat-Rozenbloom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509991462","article-title":"Adaptation of colonic fermentation and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion with increased wheat fibre intake for 1 year in hyperinsulinaemic human subjects","volume":"103","author":"Freeland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70049","article-title":"Food matrices as delivery units of nutrients in processed foods","volume":"90","author":"Aguilera","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib23","article-title":"The collapse of the food matrix: how ultra-processed foods impact satiety and metabolism by altering physical structure beyond nutrient composition","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.106203","article-title":"Manipulation of starch bioaccessibility in wheat endosperm to regulate starch digestion, postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and gut hormone responses: a randomized controlled trial in healthy ileostomy participants","volume":"102","author":"Edwards","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-021-00230-y","article-title":"Structure\u2013function studies of chickpea and durum wheat uncover mechanisms by which cell wall properties influence starch bioaccessibility","volume":"2","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Food."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516002610","article-title":"Re-evaluation of the mechanisms of dietary fibre and implications for macronutrient bioaccessibility, digestion and postprandial metabolism","volume":"116","author":"Grundy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.088328","article-title":"Effect of mastication on lipid bioaccessibility of almonds in a randomized human study and its implications for digestion kinetics, metabolizable energy, and postprandial lipemia","volume":"101","author":"Grundy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.047563","article-title":"Contribution of gastroenteropancreatic appetite hormones to protein-induced satiety","volume":"97","author":"Belza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.08.001","article-title":"TGR5-mediated bile acid sensing controls glucose homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2022.12.008","article-title":"Enhanced secretion of satiety-promoting gut hormones in healthy humans after consumption of white bread enriched with cellular chickpea flour: a randomized crossover study","volume":"117","author":"Bajka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01309-7","article-title":"Upper-gastrointestinal tract metabolite profile regulates glycaemic and satiety responses to meals with contrasting structure: a pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.08.028","article-title":"Diets differing in carbohydrate cellularity and amount similarly reduced visceral fat in people with obesity - a randomized controlled trial (CARBFUNC)","volume":"41","author":"Sommersten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0263","article-title":"Whole-grain processing and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial","volume":"43","author":"\u00c5berg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-025-01143-7","article-title":"The role of ultra-processed food in obesity","volume":"21","author":"Juul","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.01.007","article-title":"Dietary impact on fasting and stimulated GLP-1 secretion in different metabolic conditions - a narrative review","volume":"119","author":"Huber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.04.023","article-title":"Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity: a joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society","volume":"122","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.10.048","article-title":"Analysis of starch amylolysis using plots for first-order kinetics","volume":"87","author":"Butterworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO01104C","article-title":"Intactness of cell wall structure controls the in vitro digestion of starch in legumes","volume":"7","author":"Dhital","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1039\/C4FO00115J","article-title":"A novel method for classifying starch digestion by modelling the amylolysis of plant foods using first-order enzyme kinetic principles","volume":"5","author":"Edwards","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02567-3","article-title":"Interplay between grain digestion and fibre in relation to gastro-small-intestinal passage rate and feed intake in pigs","volume":"60","author":"Ratanpaul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114599","article-title":"Intrinsic grain starch digestibility affects the concentration of faecal markers of colonic fermentation and bodyweight gain without affecting feed intake in pigs","volume":"268","author":"Ratanpaul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8298","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02496K","article-title":"Wheat bran and oat hulls have dose-dependent effects on ad-libitum feed intake in pigs related to digesta hydration and colonic fermentation","volume":"10","author":"Ratanpaul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119001459","article-title":"Review: effects of fibre, grain starch digestion rate and the ileal brake on voluntary feed intake in pigs","volume":"13","author":"Ratanpaul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.16373","article-title":"Manipulating the kinetics and site of colonic fermentation with different fibre combinations - a review","volume":"58","author":"Ratanpaul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.005","article-title":"Daily sampling reveals personalized diet-microbiome associations in humans","volume":"25","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916526003448?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916526003448?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T21:15:54Z","timestamp":1793913354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916526003448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916526003448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.26434\/chemrxiv.15005120\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"From mouth to colon: a framework for engineering food matrices to engage the satiety cascade and endogenous GLP-1 signaling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101535","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101535"}}