{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:04:50Z","timestamp":1784070290411,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,15]],"date-time":"2004-01-15T05:21:22Z","timestamp":1074144082000},"page":"10-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Low risk of infection in selected human bites treated without antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Broder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Jerrard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Olshaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Witting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2000.00274.x","article-title":"Treating mammalian bite wounds","volume":"25","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.3.633","article-title":"Bite wounds and infection","volume":"14","author":"Goldstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB3","first-page":"514","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of the human bite","volume":"94","author":"Marr","year":"1979","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90296-1","article-title":"Dog, cat, and human bites","volume":"33","author":"Griego","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199107000-00019","article-title":"Management of early human bites of the hand","volume":"88","author":"Zubowicz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198701000-00008","article-title":"Natural course of the human bite wound","volume":"27","author":"Lindsey","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(80)80335-0","article-title":"Mammalian bite wounds","volume":"9","author":"Aghababian","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199006000-00014","article-title":"The case of Ohio v. Robinson. An 1870 bite mark case","volume":"11","author":"Pierce","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB9","first-page":"76","article-title":"Patient bites dentist","volume":"46","author":"Hyson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hist Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB10","first-page":"643","article-title":"Epidemiology of human bites to children in a day-care center","volume":"142","author":"Garrard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199210000-00001","article-title":"Human bites in children","volume":"8","author":"Leung","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12239J","article-title":"Anatomical distribution of human bite marks in a series of 67 cases","volume":"28","author":"Vale","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/136.2.137","article-title":"Penetration of the skull by teeth","volume":"136","author":"Hudgins","year":"1971","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1988.01400300091016","article-title":"Hand infections. Bacteriology and treatment: a prospective study","volume":"123","author":"Dellinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S177","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/6.Supplement_1.S177","article-title":"Role of anaerobic bacteria in bite-wound infections","volume":"6","author":"Goldstein","year":"1984","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.8.6.667-672.1978","article-title":"Bacteriology of human and animal bite wounds","volume":"8","author":"Goldstein","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB17","first-page":"510","article-title":"A comparison of human and animal mouth flora","volume":"84","author":"Rayan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Okla State Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198701000-00008","article-title":"Microbiology of human and animal bite wounds in children","volume":"6","author":"Brook","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB19","first-page":"113","article-title":"Clenched fist injury","volume":"63","author":"De Smet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80125-0","article-title":"Treatment of infected clench-fist human bite wounds in the area of metacarpophalangeal joints","volume":"21","author":"Chadaev","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01691387","article-title":"Bacillus circulans infection of a proximal interphalangeal joint after a clenched-fist injury caused by human teeth","volume":"14","author":"Goudswaard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(93)90104-B","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the hand after a human bite","volume":"18","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/004947559202200107","article-title":"Human bites and finger infections","volume":"22","author":"Loro","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(91)90020-O","article-title":"Human fight-bite injuries of the hand. A study of 100 cases within 18 months","volume":"16","author":"Mennen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(85)80167-2","article-title":"Human bites of the hand","volume":"10","author":"Dreyfuss","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00352616","article-title":"Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the hand following human bites","volume":"14","author":"Resnick","year":"1985","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197909000-00003","article-title":"The management of human bite injuries of the hand","volume":"19","author":"Malinowski","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1987.04460120047032","article-title":"Human bites in children. A six-year experience","volume":"141","author":"Baker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.7.1552","article-title":"In vitro activity of Bay 12-8039, a new 8-methoxyquinolone, compared to the activities of 11 other oral antimicrobial agents against 390 aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from human and animal bite wound skin and soft tissue infections in humans","volume":"41","author":"Goldstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.5.1097","article-title":"Comparative in vitro activities of azithromycin, Bay y 3118, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and 11 other oral antimicrobial agents against 194 aerobic and anaerobic bite wound isolates","volume":"39","author":"Goldstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.8.1143","article-title":"Comparative activities of cefuroxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and ofloxacin against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from bite wounds","volume":"32","author":"Goldstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1987.tb00544.x","article-title":"Outpatient therapy of bite wounds. Demographic data, bacteriology, and a prospective, randomized trial of amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid versus penicillin \u00b1 dicloxacillin","volume":"26","author":"Goldstein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675703002158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675703002158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T14:57:04Z","timestamp":1760021824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675703002158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735675703002158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low risk of infection in selected human bites treated without antibiotics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.09.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}