{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:23:06Z","timestamp":1790140986085,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]],"date-time":"2010-01-29T06:58:39Z","timestamp":1264748319000},"page":"284-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["What is the optimal dose of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Meng-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Yu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Hui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Qing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Recent advances in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation and advanced life support","volume":"6","author":"Zaritsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"New Horiz"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.2.382","article-title":"Failure of epinephrine to improve the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand during closed-chest resuscitation in dogs","volume":"78","author":"Ditchey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.10.3089","article-title":"Epinephrine increases the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction","volume":"92","author":"Tang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e989","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0219","article-title":"2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) of pediatric and neonatal patients: pediatric basic life support","volume":"117","author":"American Heart Association","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.03.013","article-title":"Combination of cardiac pacing and epinephrine does not always improve outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.01.017","article-title":"Does naloxone alone increase resuscitation rate during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat asphyxia model","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.6.2641","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the rat","volume":"65","author":"von Planta","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2005.09.003","article-title":"Transoesophageal cardiac pacing is effective for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat of asphyxial model","volume":"69","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.08.022","article-title":"Epinephrine, but not vasopressin, improves survival rates in an adult rabbit model of asphyxia cardiac arrest","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2007.04.007","article-title":"A simpler cardiac arrest model in the mouse","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2004.08.003","article-title":"Influence of dobutamine on the variables of systemic haemodynamics, metabolism, and intestinal perfusion after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the rat","volume":"64","author":"Studer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.5.2101","article-title":"Pulmonary ventilation\/perfusion defects induced by epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"84","author":"Tang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.01141.x","article-title":"Naloxone and epinephrine are equally effective for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat asphyxia model","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.05.015","article-title":"Vasopressors are essential during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats: is vasopressin superior to adrenaline","volume":"72","author":"Popp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(02)00403-3","article-title":"A comparison of alpha-methylnorepinephrine, vasopressin and epinephrine for cardiac resuscitation","volume":"57","author":"Klouche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(01)00447-6","article-title":"Vasopressin and epinephrine are equally effective for CPR in a rat asphyxia model","volume":"52","author":"Kono","year":"2002","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.01.024","article-title":"A comparison of transoesophageal cardiac pacing and epinephrine for cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9572(93)90120-F","article-title":"Effects of graded doses of epinephrine during asphyxia-induced bradycardia in newborn lambs","volume":"25","author":"Burchfield","year":"1993","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81112-6","article-title":"High-dose epinephrine improves outcome from pediatric cardiac arrest","volume":"20","author":"Goetting","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199303000-00020","article-title":"Effects of graded doses of epinephrine on both noninvasive and invasive measures of myocardial perfusion and blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"21","author":"Chase","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(91)90008-8","article-title":"Comparison of different doses of epinephrine on myocardial perfusion and resuscitation success during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pig model","volume":"9","author":"Lindner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199811263392204","article-title":"A comparison of repeated high doses and repeated standard doses of epinephrine for cardiac arrest outside the hospital. European Epinephrine Study Group","volume":"339","author":"Gueugniaud","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032440","article-title":"A comparison of high-dose and standard-dose epinephrine in children with cardiac arrest","volume":"350","author":"Perondi","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197310000-00005","article-title":"Pulmonary insufficiency caused by epinephrine","volume":"178","author":"Berk","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197604000-00007","article-title":"Effect of alpha and beta adrenergic blockade on epinephrine induced pulmonary insufficiency","volume":"183","author":"Berk","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199610000-00016","article-title":"A randomized, blinded trial of high-dose epinephrine versus standard-dose epinephrine in a swine model of pediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest","volume":"24","author":"Berg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199402000-00020","article-title":"High-dose epinephrine results in greater early mortality after resuscitation from prolonged cardiac arrest in pigs: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"22","author":"Berg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.3.387","article-title":"Acute myocardial and plasma catecholamine changes in experimental stroke","volume":"17","author":"Hachinski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00433587","article-title":"Light and electron microscopic examinations of experimentally produced heart muscle necroses following normobaric hyperoxia","volume":"366","author":"B\u00fcsing","year":"1975","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(85)80132-2","article-title":"Experimental catecholamine-induced myocardial necrosis. I. Morphology, quantification and regional distribution of acute contraction band lesions","volume":"17","author":"Todd","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(85)80064-X","article-title":"Experimental catecholamine-induced myocardial necrosis. II. Temporal development of isoproterenol-induced contraction band lesions correlated with ECG, hemodynamic and biochemical changes","volume":"17","author":"Todd","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S440","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000134263.32657.34","article-title":"Beta1-adrenergic blockade during cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves survival","volume":"32","author":"Cammarata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000195231.81076.88","article-title":"Epinephrine increases mortality after brief asphyxial cardiac arrest in an in vivo rat model","volume":"102","author":"McCaul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050329","article-title":"Comparison of norepinephrine and dobutamine to epinephrine for hemodynamics, lactate metabolism, and gastric tonometric variables in septic shock: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"23","author":"Levy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199710000-00019","article-title":"Epinephrine-induced lactic acidosis following cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"25","author":"Totaro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.4.1206","article-title":"Effect of graded epinephrine infusion on blood lactate response to exercise","volume":"79","author":"Turner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001285","article-title":"Systemic, pulmonary and mesenteric perfusion and oxygenation effects of dopamine and epinephrine","volume":"155","author":"Cheung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib38","first-page":"775","article-title":"High myocardial lactate concentration is associated with poor myocardial function prior to cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"71","author":"Heringlake","year":"2005","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2007.01.039","article-title":"Ventricular fibrillation induced by transoesophageal cardiac pacing: a new model of cardiac arrest in rats","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.11.033","article-title":"A simpler cardiac arrest model in rats","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675708008176?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675708008176?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T15:13:47Z","timestamp":1760022827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675708008176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735675708008176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What is the optimal dose of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.11.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}