{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T20:51:58Z","timestamp":1784753518403,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5UL1TR001067-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5UL1TR001067-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8UL1TR000105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8UL1TR000105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1RR025764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1RR025764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,14]],"date-time":"2019-12-14T02:06:44Z","timestamp":1576289204000},"page":"2516-2523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Failure of vital sign normalization is more strongly associated than single measures with mortality and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4909-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devin","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Sanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahima","family":"Saseendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kencee","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Tonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0005","series-title":"Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) statistical briefs","article-title":"Septicemia in U.S. hospitals, 2009: statistical brief #122","author":"Elixhauser","year":"2006"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2197","article-title":"Hospital readmission and healthcare utilization following sepsis in community settings","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022139","article-title":"The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 tRRough 2000","volume":"348","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0020","series-title":"Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) statistical briefs","article-title":"Costs for hospital stays in the United States, 2010: statistical brief #146","author":"Pfuntner","year":"2006"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0030","series-title":"Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) statistical briefs","article-title":"National inpatient hospital costs: the most expensive conditions by payer, 2011: statistical brief #160","author":"Torio","year":"2006"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003342","article-title":"Epidemiology and costs of sepsis in the United States\u2014an analysis based on timing of diagnosis and severity level*","volume":"46","author":"Paoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0040","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for emergency department sepsis screening at","volume":"8","author":"Filbin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Triage Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0045","article-title":"Comparison of SIRS, qSOFA, and NEWS for the early identification of sepsis in the emergency department","author":"Usman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.10.521","article-title":"Validation of a Modified Early Warning Score in medical admissions","volume":"94","author":"Subbe","year":"2001","journal-title":"QJM Mon J Assoc Physicians"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0055","article-title":"Emergency department Modified Early Warning Score association with admission, admission disposition, mortality, and length of stay","volume":"6","author":"Delgado-Hurtado","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2016.10.007","article-title":"Quick SOFA scores predict mortality in adult emergency department patients with and without suspected infection","volume":"69","author":"Singer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-014-0022-7","article-title":"Improving recognition of patients at risk in a Portuguese general hospital: results from a preliminary study on the early warning score","volume":"7","author":"Correia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2013-203200","article-title":"A simple tool to predict admission at the time of triage","volume":"32","author":"Cameron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Med J EMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210875","article-title":"The value of vital sign trends in predicting and monitoring clinical deterioration: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Brekke","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211580","article-title":"Predicting in-hospital mortality among non-trauma patients based on vital sign changes between prehospital and in-hospital: an observational cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Kamikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-018-0525-y","article-title":"Repeated vital sign measurements in the emergency department predict patient deterioration within 72 hours: a prospective observational study","volume":"26","author":"Quinten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014197","article-title":"Heart rate variability based machine learning models for risk prediction of suspected sepsis patients in the emergency department","volume":"98","author":"Chiew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"4","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2017.88","article-title":"Open science framework (OSF)","volume":"105","author":"Foster","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-002511","article-title":"Value driven outcomes (VDO): a pragmatic, modular, and extensible software framework for understanding and improving health care costs and outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.12226","article-title":"Implementation of a value-driven outcomes program to identify high variability in clinical costs and outcomes and association with reduced cost and improved quality","volume":"316","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.04.014","article-title":"ViEWS--towards a national early warning score for detecting adult inpatient deterioration","volume":"81","author":"Prytherch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw341","article-title":"Robust causal inference using directed acyclic graphs: the R package \u2018dagitty","author":"Textor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708274114","article-title":"The preregistration revolution","volume":"115","author":"Nosek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7100309","article-title":"Are early warning scores useful predictors for mortality and morbidity in hospitalised acutely unwell older patients? A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Jayasundera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R25","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9972","article-title":"Risk assessment in the first fifteen minutes: a prospective cohort study of a simple physiological scoring system in the emergency department","volume":"15","author":"Merz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Lond Engl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20180059","article-title":"An electronic warning system helps reduce the time to diagnosis of sepsis","volume":"30","author":"Westphal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ter Intensiva"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.02.008","article-title":"ED door-to-antibiotic time and long-term mortality in Sepsis","author":"Peltan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003360","article-title":"Evaluation of repeated quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment measurements among patients with suspected infection","volume":"46","author":"Kievlan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003359","article-title":"A comparison of the quick sequential (sepsis-related) organ failure assessment score and the national early warning score in non-ICU patients with\/without infection","volume":"46","author":"Redfern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0854OC","article-title":"Quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and early warning scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit","volume":"195","author":"Churpek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.05.022","article-title":"Low accuracy of positive qSOFA criteria for predicting 28-day mortality in critically ill septic patients during the early period after emergency department presentation","volume":"71","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.01.013","article-title":"The impact of the use of the early warning score (EWS) on patient outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Alam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-017-0148-z","article-title":"The effectiveness of physiologically based early warning or track and trigger systems after triage in adult patients presenting to emergency departments: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Wuytack","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675719308307?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675719308307?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:26:30Z","timestamp":1778505990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675719308307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735675719308307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Failure of vital sign normalization is more strongly associated than single measures with mortality and outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.12.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}