{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T03:54:03Z","timestamp":1778039643424,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T11:23:47Z","timestamp":1594034627000},"page":"2490.e5-2490.e7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cobra snakebite mimicking brain death treated with a novel combination of polyvalent snake antivenom and anticholinesterase"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Musa S.","family":"ALfaifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2133-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atheer E.","family":"ALOtaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed A.","family":"AlQahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ohood A.","family":"ALShahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid M.","family":"ALSharani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0974-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali O.","family":"ALbshabshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan M.","family":"ALZahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadi E.","family":"ALAli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0005","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.16.6.428","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical differences of snake bites among children and adults in south western Saudi Arabia","volume":"16","author":"Al","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.1994.26","article-title":"Outcome of snakebites in Al Baha district","volume":"14","author":"Al-Mohareb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.09.008","article-title":"Snake bite envenomation in Riyadh province of Saudi Arabia over the period (2005\u20132010)","volume":"22","author":"Al-Sadoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2000.66","article-title":"Snakebite: epidemiology, prevention, clinical presentation and management","volume":"20","author":"Mahaba","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1993.11747623","article-title":"Complications of Echis colorata snake bites in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Annobil","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.314","article-title":"Snake bites in adults from the Asir region of southern Saudi Arabia","volume":"52","author":"Malik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0040","first-page":"3","article-title":"Snakes in Arabia","volume":"19","author":"Gasperetti","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Saudi Arabian Nat Hist Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0045","first-page":"340","article-title":"Snakes of Arabia","volume":"9","author":"Gasperetti","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fauna Saudi Arab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0050","first-page":"183","article-title":"Ecological distribution of snakes' fauna of Jazan region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"4","author":"Masood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Egypt Acad J Biol Sci B Zool"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0055","first-page":"143","article-title":"Ecological studies on diversity of Herpetofauna in Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"4","author":"Masood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Egypt Acad J Biol Sci B Zool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0060","series-title":"Guidelines for the clinical management of snake bites in the South-East Asia Region","author":"Organization WH","year":"2005"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2004.19.4.631","article-title":"Anticholinesterase therapy for patients with ophthalmoplegia following snake bites: report of two cases","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0070","series-title":"Clinical toxicology 1st ed","article-title":"Coral snake","author":"Gaar","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0075","first-page":"614","article-title":"British periodicals of medicine. A chronological list (part II: 1900-1938)","volume":"6","author":"Lefanu","year":"1938","journal-title":"Bull Hist Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.5.1012","volume":"45","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e242a8","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline update: determining brain death in adults: report of the quality standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of neurology","volume":"74","author":"Wijdicks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-017-0606-8","article-title":"ACMT position statement: determining brain death in adults after drug overdose","volume":"13","author":"Neavyn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1626-1-16","article-title":"Snake bite mimicking brain death","volume":"1","author":"John","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cases J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2011.05.016","article-title":"Brain death\u2014think twice before labeling a patient","volume":"30","author":"Sodhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0105","author":"National Antivenom and Vaccine Production Center"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0110","first-page":"275","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of snake bite in Sri Lanka","volume":"48","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/59.3.385","article-title":"Elapid snake bite","volume":"59","author":"Pawar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9040143","article-title":"Antivenom for neuromuscular paralysis resulting from snake envenoming","volume":"9","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"919","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.919.276","article-title":"Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) bite in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka: a prospective clinical study, 1996\u201398","volume":"78","author":"Kularatne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-009-0210-2","article-title":"Early morning neuroparalytic syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Haneef","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.4103\/ijccm.IJCCM_318_17","article-title":"Brain dead presentation of snake bite","volume":"22","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0140","first-page":"92","article-title":"Two cases of early morning neuroparalytic syndrome (EMNS) in the tropics-masquerading as brain death","volume":"66","author":"Anadure","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-013-0174-1","article-title":"Locked-in syndrome as a presentation of snakebite","volume":"50","author":"Azad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0150","series-title":"Snake bite envenomation: experience at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh","author":"Al Durihim","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1135337","article-title":"Coral snake bites (Micrurus spp.) in Brazil: a review of literature reports","volume":"54","author":"Bucaretchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198612043152303","article-title":"Positive response to edrophonium in patients with neurotoxic envenoming by cobras (Naja naja philippinensis)","volume":"315","author":"Watt","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0987-7053(96)81033-1","article-title":"Neurotoxic effects of cobra venom (Naja haje haje) on the neuromuscular junction. Electroclinical study of two cases in Tunisia","volume":"25","author":"Zouari","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0170","series-title":"Animal, Plant, and Microbial Toxins","first-page":"475","article-title":"Neostigmine in the treatment of Elapidae bites","author":"Banerjee","year":"1976"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/49.10.1065","article-title":"Use of neostigmine after snake bite","volume":"49","author":"Naphade","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1990.tb01305.x","article-title":"Anticholinesterase therapy for death adder envenomation","volume":"20","author":"Currie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70142-7","article-title":"Neostigmine for the treatment of neurotoxicity following envenomation by the Asiatic cobra","volume":"28","author":"Gold","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.01.002","article-title":"Role of neostigmine and polyvalent antivenom in Indian common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) bite","volume":"3","author":"Anil","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675720304769?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675720304769?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T15:51:04Z","timestamp":1760025064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675720304769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735675720304769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cobra snakebite mimicking brain death treated with a novel combination of polyvalent snake antivenom and anticholinesterase","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.111","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}