{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:24:50Z","timestamp":1768404290779,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32HS025590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32HS025590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD062478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD062478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:34:01Z","timestamp":1625099641000},"page":"301-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluating pediatric advanced life support in emergency medical services with a performance and safety scoring tool"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Nathan","family":"Bahr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garth","family":"Meckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne-Marie","family":"Guise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.02.003","article-title":"Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival improving over time: results from the resuscitation outcomes consortium (ROC)","volume":"91","author":"Daya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.07.244","article-title":"Unchanged pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and survival rates with regional variation in North America","volume":"107","author":"Fink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.04.023","article-title":"Characteristics of paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States","volume":"153","author":"Okubo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0020","series-title":"Emergency Care for Children: Growing Pains","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2007"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02270.x","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to assess decay in acquired knowledge among paramedics completing a pediatric resuscitation course","volume":"7","author":"Su","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2017.1347222","article-title":"Safety events in high risk prehospital neonatal calls","volume":"22","author":"Duby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.08.028","article-title":"Safety events in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"36","author":"Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0040","unstructured":"Hoyle Jr JD, Crowe RP, Bentley MA, et al. Pediatric prehospital medication dosing errors: a national survey of paramedics. Prehosp Emerg Care 91."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0045","series-title":"Pediatric advanced life support provider manual: AMER HEARTH ASSN","author":"Chameides","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000013","article-title":"Errors and error-producing conditions during a simulated, prehospital, pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest","volume":"9","author":"Lammers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Simul Healthc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olasveengen TM, de Caen AR, Mancini ME, et al. 2017 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations summary. Circulation;136(23):e424-e440. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000541 [published online first: 2017\/11\/09].","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000553"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/10903127.2011.614043","article-title":"Medication dosing errors in pediatric patients treated by emergency medical services","volume":"16","author":"Hoyle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31819a7f90","article-title":"Effect of high-fidelity simulation on pediatric advanced life support training in pediatric house staff: a randomized trial","volume":"25","author":"Donoghue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2011.01252.x","article-title":"Root causes of errors in a simulated prehospital pediatric emergency","volume":"19","author":"Lammers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.07.049","article-title":"Delays and errors among pediatric residents during simulated resuscitation scenarios using pediatric advanced life support (PALS) algorithms","volume":"33","author":"Labrosse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000742","article-title":"Pediatric airway management and prehospital patient safety: results of a national Delphi survey by the Children\u2019s safety initiative-emergency medical Services for Children","volume":"32","author":"Hansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0b013e31820c44da","article-title":"Design, implementation, and psychometric analysis of a scoring instrument for simulated pediatric resuscitation: a report from the EXPRESS pediatric investigators","volume":"6","author":"Donoghue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Simul Healthc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.001864","article-title":"Different impacts of time from collapse to first cardiopulmonary resuscitation on outcomes after witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in adults","volume":"8","author":"Hara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033067","article-title":"Time to epinephrine administration and survival from nonshockable out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among children and adults","volume":"137","author":"Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-020-01665-w","article-title":"Quality of clinical care provided during simulated pediatric cardiac arrest: a simulation-based study","volume":"67","author":"Garcia-Jorda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Anesth\/J Can d\u2019anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(01)00485-3","article-title":"Characteristics and outcome among patients suffering from in hospital cardiac arrest in relation to the interval between collapse and start of CPR","volume":"53","author":"Herlitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0110","author":"Resuscitation Academy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.08.015","article-title":"A comparison of pediatric airway management techniques during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using the CARES database","volume":"120","author":"Hansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"16_Suppl_2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S469","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000901","article-title":"Part 4: pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"142","author":"Topjian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(88)80396-2","article-title":"A rapid method for estimating weight and resuscitation drug dosages from length in the pediatric age group","volume":"17","author":"Lubitz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)82924-5","article-title":"Length-based endotracheal tube and emergency equipment in pediatrics","volume":"21","author":"Luten","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0135","first-page":"32","article-title":"First-hand approach. A novel method to rapidly calculate pediatric drug dosages","volume":"38","author":"Antevy","year":"2013","journal-title":"JEMS: J Emerg Med Serv"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315840","article-title":"Drug preparation and administration errors during simulated paediatric resuscitations","volume":"104","author":"Murugan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.07.035","article-title":"Color-coded prefilled medication syringes decrease time to delivery and dosing errors in simulated prehospital pediatric resuscitations: a randomized crossover trial","volume":"96","author":"Stevens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Resuscitation"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675721005465?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675721005465?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T15:55:54Z","timestamp":1760025354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675721005465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0735675721005465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluating pediatric advanced life support in emergency medical services with a performance and safety scoring tool","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.061","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}