{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:28:56Z","timestamp":1777415336540,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T05:37:53Z","timestamp":1632721073000},"page":"286.e5-286.e7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Equal incidence of COVID-19 among homeless and non-homeless ED patients when controlling for confounders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Shreffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Wilmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Polites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Huecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.213","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities among individuals with COVID-19: a rapid review of current literature","volume":"49","author":"Bajgain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0010","series-title":"2017 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress. Part 1: Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness","author":"Henry","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.021","article-title":"Substance use and homelessness among emergency department patients","volume":"188","author":"Doran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.10.012","article-title":"Homeless patients tend to have greater psychiatric needs when presenting to the emergency department","volume":"38","author":"Lamparter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9953","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6","article-title":"The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations","volume":"384","author":"Fazel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e186","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30053-0","article-title":"COVID-19: a potential public health problem for homeless populations","volume":"5","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2020-111426","article-title":"COVID-19 and the US response: accelerating health inequities. [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 3]","volume":"26","author":"Okonkwo","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301307","article-title":"When health insurance is not a factor: national comparison of homeless and nonhomeless US veterans who use Veterans Affairs Emergency Departments","volume":"103","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917e1","article-title":"COVID-19 Homelessness Team. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevalence in Homeless Shelters - Four U.S. Cities, March 27\u2013April 15, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Mosites","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917e2","article-title":"COVID-19 Outbreak Among Three Affiliated Homeless Service Sites - King County, Washington, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Tobolowsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13652","article-title":"COVID-19 and emergency care for adults experiencing homelessness","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.4117","article-title":"Association of vitamin D levels, race\/ethnicity, and clinical characteristics with COVID-19 test results","volume":"4","author":"Meltzer","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.050","article-title":"Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank","volume":"14","author":"Hastie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0070","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6887","article-title":"Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of a large homeless shelter in Boston","volume":"323","author":"Baggett","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675721007932?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675721007932?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:00:09Z","timestamp":1760025609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675721007932"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["S0735675721007932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Equal incidence of COVID-19 among homeless and non-homeless ED patients when controlling for confounders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.057","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}