{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T21:57:23Z","timestamp":1778277443808,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T11:39:50Z","timestamp":1640777990000},"page":"63-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Risk of malignancy following emergency department Bell's palsy diagnosis in children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sriram","family":"Ramgopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Lipshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000338303","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical features of Bell\u2019s palsy among children in Northern California","volume":"38","author":"Rowhani-Rahbar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00343.x","article-title":"The epidemiology and treatment of Bell\u2019s palsy in the UK","volume":"9","author":"Rowlands","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-018-3742-9","article-title":"Childhood peripheral facial palsy","volume":"34","author":"Karalok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0020","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: Bell\u2019s palsy","volume":"149","author":"Baugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.08.039","article-title":"Managing peripheral facial palsy","volume":"71","author":"Garro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.131801","article-title":"Management of Bell palsy: clinical practice guideline","volume":"186","author":"de Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cmaj."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2007.01245.x","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy: a guideline proposal following a review of practice","volume":"44","author":"Lunan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1080","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1273","article-title":"Clinical predictors of Lyme disease among children with a peripheral facial palsy at an emergency department in a Lyme disease-endemic area","volume":"122","author":"Nigrovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.109905","article-title":"High frequency of paediatric facial nerve palsy due to Lyme disease in a geographically endemic region","volume":"132","author":"Munro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380101600805","article-title":"Should children with Bell\u2019s palsy be treated with corticosteroids? A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Salman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318275978c","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline update: steroids and antivirals for bell palsy: report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American academy of neurology","volume":"79","author":"Gronseth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.06.022","article-title":"Potential misdiagnoses of Bell\u2019s palsy in the emergency department","volume":"63","author":"Fahimi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.215616","article-title":"Impact of corticosteroid pretreatment in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed B-lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children\u2019s oncology group","volume":"104","author":"Raetz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850415)55:8<1637::AID-CNCR2820550804>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"The adverse effect of prolonged prednisolone pretreatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"55","author":"R\u00e9v\u00e9sz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3181d018d0","article-title":"Facial palsy in children: emergency department management and outcome","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2002.12.5.3","article-title":"Facial paralysis caused by malignant skull base neoplasms","volume":"12","author":"Marzo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100146778","article-title":"The presentation of rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck in children","volume":"98","author":"Proops","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880040093015","article-title":"Facial paralysis due to benign parotid tumors","volume":"118","author":"Blevins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.10.2008.1046","article-title":"Initial presentation of childhood leukaemia with facial palsy: three case reports","author":"Karimi","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(02)00394-6","article-title":"Facial palsy, an unusual presenting feature of childhood leukemia","volume":"27","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-219501","article-title":"Unilateral facial nerve palsy as an early presenting symptom of relapse in a paediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","author":"Chiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2005.11.008","article-title":"Facial paralysis as a presenting symptom of leukemia","volume":"34","author":"Bilavsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2020-0019","article-title":"Refusal to use an upper extremity in a 17-month-old with facial nerve palsy","volume":"42","author":"March","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(85)90019-0","article-title":"Association between Bell\u2019s palsy and lymphoid malignancies","volume":"9","author":"Cartwright","year":"1985","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2020.06.029","article-title":"Risk of leukemia in children with peripheral facial palsy","volume":"77","author":"Babl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0702-y","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy in children (BellPIC): protocol for a multicentre, placebo-controlled randomized trial","volume":"17","author":"Babl","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2010.11.001","article-title":"Facial nerve palsy in childhood","volume":"33","author":"Pavlou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-199","article-title":"Pediatric complex chronic conditions classification system version 2: updated for ICD-10 and complex medical technology dependence and transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Feudtner","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S153","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0055I","article-title":"Standard 6: age groups for pediatric trials","volume":"129","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6622a1","article-title":"Surveillance for Lyme Disease - United States, 2008\u20132015","volume":"66","author":"Schwartz","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-1647","article-title":"Serious diagnoses for headaches after ED discharge","volume":"146","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0160","series-title":"survimer: Drawing Survival Curves using \u2018ggplot2\u2019","author":"Kassambara","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/000164802760370736","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy: the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral facial nerve palsies of different etiologies","volume":"549","author":"Peitersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.5.2052b.bloodjournal8652052b","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy as a sign of Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma in children","volume":"86","author":"Katz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy546","article-title":"Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the role of steroids in the treatment of adults with metastatic brain tumors","volume":"84","author":"Ryken","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2007.03.1357","article-title":"Lack of agreement in pediatric emergency department discharge diagnoses from clinical and administrative data sources","volume":"14","author":"Gorelick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"K7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.040","article-title":"A systematic review of validated methods for identifying Bell\u2019s palsy using administrative or claims data","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12347","article-title":"Recurrent and high-frequency use of the emergency department by pediatric patients","volume":"21","author":"Alpern","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.12.015","article-title":"Characterizing pediatric high frequency users of California emergency departments","volume":"37","author":"Supat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675721010159?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675721010159?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T15:58:05Z","timestamp":1760025485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675721010159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0735675721010159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk of malignancy following emergency department Bell's palsy diagnosis in children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.044","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}