{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:14:59Z","timestamp":1791486899554,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T01:36:14Z","timestamp":1647912974000},"page":"33-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tranexamic acid \u2013 A narrative review for the emergency medicine clinician"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Kellie","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0005","author":"American College of Surgeons"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-015-0222-x","article-title":"Guideline for reversal of Antithrombotics in intracranial hemorrhage: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical care society and Society of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"24","author":"Frontera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001333","article-title":"Damage control resuscitation in patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage: a practice management guideline from the eastern Association for the Surgery of trauma","volume":"82","author":"Cannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002351","article-title":"Practice bulletin no. 183: postpartum hemorrhage","volume":"130","author":"Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e343","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000152","article-title":"Treatment and outcome of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous Alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"48","author":"Yaghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0030","series-title":"Model List of Essential Medicines, 21st List, 2019","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0035","series-title":"package insert","author":"Tranexamic acid","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.10.029","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for ACE inhibitor induced angioedema","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000092","article-title":"Tranexamic acid modulates the immune response and reduces postsurgical infection rates","volume":"3","author":"Draxler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6030","article-title":"Tranexamic acid influences the immune response, but not bacterial clearance in a model of Post-traumatic brain injury pneumonia","volume":"36","author":"Draxler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0803977","article-title":"Clinical practice. Hereditary angioedema","volume":"359","author":"Zuraw","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4654","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63375","article-title":"Tranexamic acid concentrations associated with human seizures inhibit glycine receptors","volume":"122","author":"Lecker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.301.1.168","article-title":"Tranexamic acid, a widely used antifibrinolytic agent, causes convulsions by a \u03b3-aminobutyric acida receptor antagonistic effect","volume":"301","author":"Furtmuller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.02.011","article-title":"Tranexamic acid-associated seizures: a meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0075","series-title":"(tranexamic acid) [package insert]","author":"LYSTEDA","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0080","series-title":"(tranexamic acid) [package insert]","author":"Cyklokapron","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0085","series-title":"Micromedex Solutions","author":"Tranexamic acid","year":"2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1987.tb05605.x","article-title":"Distribution of tranexamic acid to plasma and saliva after oral administration and mouth rinsing: a pharmacokinetic study","volume":"27","author":"Sindet-Pedersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.07.058","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients: a clinical trial","volume":"126","author":"Grassin-Delyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12474","article-title":"Tranexamic acid through intravenous, intramuscular and oral routes: an individual participant data meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers","volume":"33","author":"Grassin-Delyle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105893","article-title":"Physiologically based modelling of tranexamic acid pharmacokinetics following intravenous, intramuscular, sub-cutaneous and oral administration in healthy volunteers","volume":"164","author":"Kane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.10.054","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral routes: a prospective, randomised, crossover trial in healthy volunteers","volume":"128","author":"Grassin-Delyle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3109\/00365596909135401","article-title":"Antifibrinolytic therapy with Cyklokapron in connection with prostatectomy: a double blind study","volume":"3","author":"Hedlund","year":"1969","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2014-203588","article-title":"Saving the critically injured trauma patient: a retrospective analysis of 1000 uses of intraosseous access","volume":"32","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.55460\/ZWV3-5CBW","article-title":"The use of tranexamic acid in tactical combat casualty care","volume":"20","author":"Drew","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Spec Oper Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.55460\/RBRA-WMWV","article-title":"Tactical combat casualty care (TCCC) guidelines for medical personnel: 05 November 2020","volume":"20","author":"Drew","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Spec Oper Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.287","article-title":"Military application of tranexamic acid in trauma emergency resuscitation (MATTERs) study","volume":"147","author":"Morrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.55460\/CG6S-N11M","article-title":"Case series on 2g tranexamic acid flush from the 75th ranger regiment casualty database","volume":"20","author":"Androski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Spec Oper Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis","volume":"2","author":"Say","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0150","series-title":"Updated WHO Recommendation on Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2017"},{"issue":"10084","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30638-4","article-title":"Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Shakur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R117","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10143","article-title":"High-dose tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in postpartum haemorrhage","volume":"15","author":"Ducloy-Bouthors","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1500544","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for treatment of primary postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Della Corte","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0170","article-title":"Antifibrinolytic drugs for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage","volume":"2","author":"Shakur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0175","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Impact of hemorrhage on trauma outcome: an overview of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and therapeutic considerations","volume":"60","author":"Kauvar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care"},{"issue":"9734","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60835-5","volume":"376","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"9771","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60278-X","article-title":"The importance of early treatment with tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients: an exploratory analysis of the CRASH-2 randomised controlled trial","volume":"377","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10116","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32455-8","article-title":"Effect of treatment delay on the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytics in acute severe haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data from 40 138 bleeding patients","volume":"391","author":"Gayet-Ageron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10747","article-title":"Trauma and tranexamic acid","volume":"199","author":"Gruen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000242","article-title":"Do all trauma patients benefit from tranexamic acid?","volume":"76","author":"Valle","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000717","article-title":"Tranexamic acid use in severely injured civilian patients and the effects on outcomes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"261","author":"Cole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06143-y","article-title":"Does Liberal prehospital and in-hospital tranexamic acid influence outcome in severely injured patients? A prospective cohort study","volume":"45","author":"van Wessem","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001613","article-title":"Military use of tranexamic acid in combat trauma: does it matter?","volume":"83","author":"Howard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10051030","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in emergency trauma: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Al-Jeabory","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2018.8.39336","article-title":"Tranexamic acid in civilian trauma Care in the California Prehospital Antifibrinolytic Therapy Study","volume":"19","author":"Neeki","year":"2018","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03701-7","article-title":"The impact of prehospital tranexamic acid on mortality and transfusion requirements: match-pair analysis from the nationwide German TraumaRegister DGU\u00ae","volume":"25","author":"Imach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0000000000000983","article-title":"The incidence of venous thromboembolic events in trauma patients after tranexamic acid administration: an EAST multicenter study","volume":"32","author":"Rivas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2021.02.014","article-title":"Tranexamic acid during prehospital transport in patients at risk for hemorrhage after injury; a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial","volume":"60","author":"Guyette","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005002","article-title":"Early prehospital tranexamic acid following injury is associated with a 30-day survival benefit: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"274","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046522","article-title":"Protocol for a multicentre prehospital randomised controlled trial investigating tranexamic acid in severe trauma: the PATCH-trauma trial","volume":"11","author":"Mitra","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0255","series-title":"Traumatic brain injury in the United States: Emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths 2002\u20132006","author":"Faul","year":"2010"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2655-4","article-title":"Mortality and long-term functional outcome associated with intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury","volume":"38","author":"Badri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"10210","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32233-0","article-title":"Effects of tranexamic acid on death, disability, vascular occlusive events and other morbidities in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (CRASH-3): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta16130","article-title":"CRASH-2 (Clinical Randomisation of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Haemorrhage) intracranial bleeding study: the effect of tranexamic acid in traumatic brain injury--a nested randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Perel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227X-13-20","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for patients with traumatic brain injury: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Yutthakasemsunt","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2016.02.005","article-title":"The effect of tranexamic acid in traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Jokar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.10.075","article-title":"Effect of tranexamic acid on prevention of hemorrhagic mass growth in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"109","author":"Fakharian","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-018-0974-z","article-title":"Benefits of the tranexamic acid in head trauma with no extracranial bleeding: a prospective follow-up of 180 patients","volume":"45","author":"Chakroun-Walha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.2174\/1574887114666190620112829","article-title":"Intravenous tranexamic acid for subdural and epidural intracranial hemorrhage: randomized, double-blind","volume":"14","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Placebo-Controlled Trial Rev Recent Clin Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2174\/1574887114666191118111826","article-title":"Intravenous tranexamic acid for brain contusion with Intraparenchymal hemorrhage: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Mousavinejad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Recent Clin Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.158499","article-title":"The efficacy of tranexamic acid for brain injury: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-020-00460-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid administration in traumatic brain injury patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Yokobori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06279-w","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in acute traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials","volume":"47","author":"Lawati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2020-210424","article-title":"Effect of tranexamic acid on intracranial haemorrhage and infarction in patients with traumatic brain injury: a pre-planned substudy in a sample of CRASH-3 trial patients","volume":"38","author":"Mahmood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8958","article-title":"Effect of out-of-hospital tranexamic acid vs placebo on 6-month functional neurologic outcomes in patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"324","author":"Rowell","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4596","article-title":"Association between prehospital tranexamic acid administration and outcomes of severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"78","author":"Bossers","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70025-0","article-title":"Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Feigin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70089-5","article-title":"Global and regional burden of first-ever ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke during 1990\u20132010: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010","volume":"1","author":"Krishnamurthi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000069","article-title":"Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"46","author":"Hemphill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182587839","article-title":"Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"43","author":"Connolly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"10135","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31033-X","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for hyperacute primary IntraCerebral Haemorrhage (TICH-2): an international randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 superiority trial","volume":"391","author":"Sprigg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00845-6","article-title":"Predictors and outcomes of neurological deterioration in intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the TICH-2 randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Law","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019130","article-title":"Outcomes in antiplatelet-associated intracerebral hemorrhage in the TICH-2 randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Law","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032426","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for prevention of hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage patients with or without spot sign","volume":"52","author":"Ovesen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2021-000942","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for acute intracerebral haemorrhage growth based on imaging assessment (TRAIGE): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30369-0","article-title":"Tranexamic acid in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (STOP-AUST): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"19","author":"Meretoja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0390","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tranexamic acid in intracerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94727-y","article-title":"Tranexamic acid in non-traumatic intracranial bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Bouillon-Minois","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.4.0771","article-title":"Immediate administration of tranexamic acid and reduced incidence of early rebleeding after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective randomized study","volume":"97","author":"Hillman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000089030.04120.0E","article-title":"Antifibrinolytic therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a major update of a Cochrane review","volume":"34","author":"Roos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0410","article-title":"Antifibrinolytic therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane stroke group, editor","volume":"2013","author":"Baharoglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211868","article-title":"Short-term tranexamic acid treatment reduces in-hospital mortality in aneurysmal sub-arachnoid hemorrhage: a multicenter comparison study. Meckel S, editor","volume":"14","author":"Post","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.047","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.051","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10269","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32518-6","article-title":"Ultra-early tranexamic acid after subarachnoid haemorrhage (ULTRA): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"397","author":"Post","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7365-0","article-title":"Time intervals from subarachnoid hemorrhage to rebleed","volume":"261","author":"Germans","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.228437","article-title":"Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the UK: patient characteristics, diagnoses and outcomes in the 2007 UK audit","volume":"60","author":"Hearnshaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001245","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: upper gastrointestinal and ulcer bleeding","volume":"116","author":"Laine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0450","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding.","volume":"18","author":"Gluud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.08.062","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15761","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of tranexamic acid in upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"51","author":"Twum-Barimah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0465","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"11","author":"Bennett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10241","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30848-5","article-title":"Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"395","author":"Roberts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000943","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for lower GI hemorrhage: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"61","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15247","article-title":"Effect of tranexamic acid in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding: a nationwide inpatient database study","volume":"36","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1383","article-title":"Incidence and mortality related to gastrointestinal bleeding, and the effect of tranexamic acid on gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"14","author":"Scherdin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8876991","article-title":"Is there a role for tranexamic acid in upper GI bleeding? A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Matsagkas MI, editor","volume":"2021","author":"Burke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Res Pract"},{"issue":"1_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0495","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: nosebleed (epistaxis)","volume":"162","author":"Tunkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018820625","article-title":"Topical tranexamic acid for the treatment of acute epistaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.06.043","article-title":"A new and rapid method for epistaxis treatment using injectable form of tranexamic acid topically: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Zahed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.03.030","article-title":"Evaluating effectiveness of nasal compression with tranexamic acid compared with simple nasal compression and Merocel packing: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"74","author":"Akkan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.03.039","article-title":"Topical tranexamic acid for the treatment of acute epistaxis in the emergency department","volume":"36","author":"Birmingham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.11.038","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of topically administered tranexamic acid versus topical Oxymetazoline spray for achieving hemostasis in epistaxis","volume":"58","author":"Whitworth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13345","article-title":"Topical tranexamic acid compared with anterior nasal packing for treatment of epistaxis in patients taking antiplatelet drugs: randomized controlled trial. Runyon MS, editor","volume":"25","author":"Zahed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13422","article-title":"Hot off the press: topical tranexamic acid compared with anterior nasal packing for treatment of epistaxis in patients taking antiplatelet drugs","volume":"25","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0535","article-title":"Topical tranexamic acid versus phenylephrine-lidocaine for the treatment of anterior epistaxis in patients taking aspirin or Clopidogrel; a randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Amini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2020.12.013","article-title":"The use of tranexamic acid to reduce the need for nasal packing in epistaxis (NoPAC): randomized controlled trial","volume":"77","author":"Reuben","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0545","first-page":"169","article-title":"Efficacy of topical tranexamic acid in epistaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Janapala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.07.012","article-title":"Managing massive hemoptysis","volume":"157","author":"Davidson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-020-00946-y","article-title":"Effects of tranexamic acid on hemoptysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"40","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-020-00304-x","article-title":"Nebulized tranexamic acid for recurring hemoptysis in critically ill patients: case series","volume":"13","author":"Alabdrabalnabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2020.7.48525","article-title":"Inhaled tranexamic acid for massive hemoptysis in the setting of Oral anticoagulation: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Dempsey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2019.1534","article-title":"Nebulized tranexamic acid therapy for hemoptysis associated with submassive pulmonary embolism","volume":"33","author":"Dhanani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.01.029","article-title":"Hemoptysis? Try inhaled tranexamic acid","volume":"54","author":"Komura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.05.024","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage after tissue plasminogen activator administration for intubated patient","volume":"37","author":"Sanghvi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2015.10.016","article-title":"Inhaled tranexamic acid as an alternative for hemoptysis treatment","volume":"149","author":"Segrelles Calvo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.02.004","article-title":"Pulmonary hemorrhage: a novel mode of therapy","volume":"103","author":"Solomonov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.09.026","article-title":"Inhaled tranexamic acid for hemoptysis treatment","volume":"154","author":"Wand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2016.07.006","article-title":"Efficacy of tranexamic acid in haemoptysis: a randomized, controlled pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Bellam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2620-5","article-title":"Effect of tranexamic acid on mortality in patients with haemoptysis: a nationwide study","volume":"23","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025898","article-title":"Does tranexamic acid reduce risk of mortality on patients with hemoptysis?: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2327-4","article-title":"Tranexamic acid as a local hemostasis method after dental extraction in patients on warfarin: a randomized controlled clinical study","volume":"22","author":"Queiroz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.03.009","article-title":"Supportive topical tranexamic acid application for hemostasis in oral bleeding events \u2013 retrospective cohort study of 542 patients","volume":"46","author":"Zirk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.08.429","article-title":"Nebulized tranexamic acid use for pediatric secondary Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage","volume":"73","author":"Schwarz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2020.6.47676","article-title":"A case report of nebulized tranexamic acid for Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in an adult","volume":"4","author":"Poppe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2021.5.52549","article-title":"Nebulized tranexamic acid in secondary Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage: case series and review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Dermendjieva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110802","article-title":"Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage control with nebulized tranexamic acid: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"147","author":"Erwin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2012-201684","article-title":"Case report: use of topical tranexamic acid to stop localised bleeding","volume":"30","author":"Noble","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.158441","article-title":"Topical tranexamic acid (TXA) for the management of a bleeding arteriovenous fistula","volume":"38","author":"Eberle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.09.037","article-title":"Topical use of tranexamic acid for the management of post-procedural rectal bleeding","volume":"37","author":"Altawil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2007.01479.x","article-title":"The use of topical crushed tranexamic acid tablets to control bleeding after dental surgery and from skin ulcers in haemophilia","volume":"13","author":"Coetzee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haemophilia."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2012.11.009","article-title":"Characterization of a severe hypofibrinogenemia induced by alteplase in two patients thrombolysed for stroke","volume":"131","author":"Matrat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0670","series-title":"(Alteplase) [package insert]","author":"Activase","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0675","series-title":"(Tenecteplase) [package insert]","author":"TNKase","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9681-5","article-title":"Treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage with tranexamic acid after thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator","volume":"17","author":"French","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2019.10.44369","article-title":"Pericardial tamponade after systemic Alteplase in stroke and emergent reversal with tranexamic acid","volume":"4","author":"Romero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.175","article-title":"Management of Thrombolysis-Associated Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage","volume":"67","author":"Goldstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190019840095","article-title":"Aminocaproic acid for the reversal of Alteplase: a case series","volume":"33","author":"Verkerk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.2371","article-title":"Treatment and outcome of thrombolysis-related hemorrhage: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"72","author":"Yaghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13097","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema: a review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2021.02.038","article-title":"Clinical practice statement: what is the emergency Department Management of patients with angioedema secondary to an ACE-inhibitor?","volume":"61","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2019.5.42650","article-title":"Evaluation and Management of Angioedema in the emergency department","volume":"20","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2018.04.014","article-title":"Int\u00e9r\u00eat de l\u2019acide tranexamique en traitement d\u2019urgence de premi\u00e8re intention des crises d\u2019angi\u0153d\u00e8me bradykinique sous IEC","volume":"39","author":"Beauch\u00eane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9decine Interne"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0725","article-title":"Use of tranexamic acid prevents intubation in ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema","volume":"7","author":"Judge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Crit Care Emerg Med [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1159\/000517621","article-title":"Administration of tranexamic acid as treatment for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Awsare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Acute Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0735","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for the emergency treatment of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema","volume":"13","author":"Hasara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1722970","article-title":"Fibrinolysis in traumatic brain injury: diagnosis, management, and clinical considerations","volume":"47","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.109","article-title":"Prospective longitudinal evaluation of coagulation with novel thromboelastography technology in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pilot study","volume":"136","author":"El-Khawas","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.04.009","article-title":"Tracing the lines: a review of Viscoelastography for emergency medicine clinicians","volume":"59","author":"Gilbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14882","article-title":"Systematic review of viscoelastic testing (TEG\/ROTEM) in obstetrics and recommendations from the women\u2019s SSC of the ISTH","volume":"18","author":"Amgalan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1701016","article-title":"Temporal changes in fibrinolysis following injury","volume":"46","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.04.028","article-title":"Tranexamic acid is associated with increased mortality in patients with physiological fibrinolysis","volume":"220","author":"Moore","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002941","article-title":"Plasmin thrombelastography rapidly identifies trauma patients at risk for massive transfusion, mortality, and hyperfibrinolysis: a diagnostic tool to resolve an international debate on tranexamic acid?","volume":"89","author":"Barrett","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002022","article-title":"Severely injured trauma patients with admission hyperfibrinolysis: is there a role of tranexamic acid? Findings from the PROPPR trial","volume":"85","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002932","article-title":"Tranexamic acid administration in the field does not affect admission thromboelastography after traumatic brain injury","volume":"89","author":"Dixon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004036","article-title":"Temporal transitions in fibrinolysis after trauma: adverse outcome is principally related to late hypofibrinolysis","volume":"136","author":"Rossetto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027_bb0790","series-title":"Lexicomp Online, Lexi-Drugs Online","article-title":"Drug information","author":"Tranexamic Acid","year":"2022"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.05.024","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000}}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675722001851?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675722001851?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T23:45:29Z","timestamp":1690847129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675722001851"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":157,"alternative-id":["S0735675722001851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.05.024","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tranexamic acid \u2013 A narrative review for the emergency medicine clinician","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.03.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}