{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:37:37Z","timestamp":1787773057064,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701734400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":307,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T20:35:43Z","timestamp":1670272543000},"page":"113-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"special_numbering":"C","title":["High risk and low prevalence diseases: Open globe injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Koyfman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brit","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120962039","article-title":"Open-globe-injury: a single center Spanish retrospective 5-year cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Guzm\u00e1n-Almagro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30710-0","article-title":"A standardized classification of ocular trauma","volume":"103","author":"Kuhn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000225072.68265.ee","article-title":"Microbiologic spectrum and visual outcome of posttraumatic endophthalmitis","volume":"27","author":"Al-Omran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Retina Phila Pa"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72447-X","article-title":"Traumatic rupture of the globe after glaucoma surgery","volume":"109","author":"Zeiter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0025","first-page":"738","article-title":"Wound dehiscence following cataract surgery","volume":"18","author":"Lambrou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)80096-8","article-title":"Human sclera: thickness and surface area","volume":"125","author":"Olsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1972.01000030500006","article-title":"Rupture of the globe","volume":"88","author":"Cherry","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910050120003","article-title":"Indirect traumatic rupture of the globe","volume":"96","author":"Cherry","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1963.00960040728007","article-title":"Contusion rupture of the sclera","volume":"69","author":"Riffenburgh","year":"1963","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71132-8","article-title":"A system for classifying mechanical injuries of the eye (globe)","volume":"123","author":"Pieramici","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30316-4","article-title":"Human ocular anatomy","volume":"10","author":"Grant-Kels","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029692","article-title":"Scleral thickness in human eyes","volume":"7","author":"Vurgese","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0065","first-page":"1808509","article-title":"An uncommon meridional globe rupture due to blunt eye trauma","volume":"2018","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S372011","article-title":"Open globe injuries: review of evaluation, management, and surgical pearls","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(88)33069-1","article-title":"Results and prognostic factors in penetrating ocular injuries with retained intraocular foreign bodies","volume":"95","author":"Williams","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199503510-00009","article-title":"Management of the ruptured globe","volume":"35","author":"Navon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.17925\/EOR.2009.03.01.48","article-title":"Management of the ruptured eye","volume":"03","author":"Pelayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Ophthalmic Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00263.x","article-title":"Endophthalmitis following penetrating eye injuries","volume":"75","author":"Duch-Samper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31454-5","article-title":"Infectious endophthalmitis after penetrating injuries with retained intraocular foreign bodies. National eye trauma system","volume":"100","author":"Thompson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30807-X","article-title":"Endophthalmitis after penetrating trauma. Risk factors and visual acuity outcomes","volume":"102","author":"Thompson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219400400101","article-title":"Post-traumatic endophthalmitis","volume":"4","author":"Verbraeken","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32658-3","article-title":"Rural endophthalmitis","volume":"96","author":"Boldt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.008","article-title":"Vision survival after open globe injury predicted by classification and regression tree analysis","volume":"115","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2009.01922.x","article-title":"Prognostic factors in posterior open globe injuries (zone-III injuries)","volume":"36","author":"Knyazer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2002.00484.x","article-title":"Four-year review of open eye injuries at the Royal Adelaide Hospital: four-year review of open eye injuries","volume":"30","author":"Casson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000173624.37438.D6","article-title":"Gender differences in etiology and outcome of open globe injuries","volume":"59","author":"Koo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1984.tb08418.x","article-title":"Perforating eye injury in the Stockholm population. An epidemiological study","volume":"62","author":"Blomdahl","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0140","first-page":"625","article-title":"Characteristics and causes of penetrating eye injuries reported to the National eye Trauma System Registry, 1985-91","volume":"108","author":"Parver","year":"1993","journal-title":"Public Health Rep Wash DC 1974"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199903910-00008","article-title":"Management of open globe injuries","volume":"39","author":"Colby","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0150","first-page":"129","article-title":"Ruptured globes following radial and hexagonal keratotomy surgery","volume":"114","author":"Vinger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill 1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S185287","article-title":"Brittle cornea syndrome: current perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Walkden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14882","article-title":"Ocular characteristics and complications in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta: a systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Treurniet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.047","article-title":"Characteristics of traumatic globe rupture after keratoplasty","volume":"116","author":"Kawashima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30182-1","article-title":"Ocular integrity after refractive procedures","volume":"104","author":"Peacock","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20110712-02","article-title":"Twelve-year review of pediatric traumatic open globe injuries in an urban U.S. population","volume":"49","author":"Lesniak","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0180","first-page":"234","article-title":"Open globe injuries in children","volume":"2","author":"Rostomian","year":"1998","journal-title":"J AAPOS Off Publ Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000471","article-title":"Open-globe injuries at an emergency department in Porto, Portugal: clinical features and prognostic factors","volume":"24","author":"Teixeira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.02.015","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of work-related open globe injuries","volume":"150","author":"Kanoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1533-4","article-title":"Influence of alcohol consumption on incidence and severity of open-globe eye injuries in adults","volume":"249","author":"R\u00fcfer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.5823","article-title":"Characteristics of open globe injuries in the United States from 2006 to 2014","volume":"138","author":"Mir","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00134-7","article-title":"Intraocular foreign bodies: management, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes","volume":"107","author":"Greven","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.38.2.65","article-title":"Review of 555 cases of intra-ocular foreign body with special reference to prognosis","volume":"38","author":"Roper-Hall","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199010001-00007","article-title":"Intraocular foreign bodies in young people","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Retina Phila Pa"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.05.018","article-title":"A case\u2013control study of eye injuries in the workplace in Hong Kong","volume":"111","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2007.11.006","article-title":"Trauma to the globe and orbit","volume":"26","author":"Bord","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-200211000-00013","article-title":"Orbital and adnexal trauma associated with open-globe injuries","volume":"18","author":"Hatton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4103\/SJOPT.SJOPT_43_22","article-title":"The ocular adnexa","volume":"35","author":"Heathcote","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.04.001","article-title":"Occult globe rupture: diagnostic and treatment challenge","volume":"63","author":"Chronopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.08.003","article-title":"A narrative review of common uses of ophthalmic ultrasound in emergency medicine","volume":"60","author":"Skidmore","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00948-X","article-title":"Post-traumatic endophthalmitis involving clostridium tetani and Bacillus spp","volume":"132","author":"Iyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2013.02.003","article-title":"Ocular trauma and other catastrophes","volume":"31","author":"Romaniuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71460-6","article-title":"The penetration of oral ciprofloxacin into the aqueous humor, vitreous, and subretinal fluid of humans","volume":"115","author":"Lesk","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)00997-X","article-title":"Human aqueous humor levels of oral ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin","volume":"27","author":"Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1enz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0270","first-page":"178","article-title":"Vitreous and aqueous penetration of orally administered moxifloxacin in humans","volume":"124","author":"Hariprasad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill 1960"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.313","article-title":"Endophthalmitis following open-globe injuries","volume":"26","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.84a.16096","article-title":"Acute monocular vision loss: Don\u2019t lose sight of the differential. Rutecki GW, ed","volume":"84","author":"Abbatemarco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0b013e31824cb084","article-title":"Approach to the patient with acute monocular visual loss","volume":"2","author":"Prasad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0290","first-page":"63","article-title":"Diagnostic considerations in patients presenting with transient vision loss","volume":"113","author":"Jun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1985.11699226","article-title":"Two common neuro-ophthalmic problems. Optic neuritis and transient visual disturbances","volume":"78","author":"Melen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009255","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with combined central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion: case report","volume":"97","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680209501111","article-title":"Acute glaucoma with abdominal pain","volume":"95","author":"Galloway","year":"2002","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2007.11.005","article-title":"Acute monocular visual loss","volume":"26","author":"Vortmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.049","article-title":"Primary angle closure preferred practice pattern(\u00ae) guidelines","volume":"123","author":"Prum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101812010247","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and predictive factors in optic neuritis","volume":"12","author":"Hansapinyo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02616.x","article-title":"Central retinal artery occlusion: timing and mode of presentation","volume":"16","author":"Rudkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.4997","article-title":"Treatment of central retinal vein occlusion-a new look at a blast from the past","volume":"136","author":"Ip","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000528","article-title":"Update on giant cell arteritis","volume":"29","author":"Sammel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.04.035","article-title":"The epidemiology of open globe injuries presenting to a tertiary referral eye hospital in Australia","volume":"48","author":"Beshay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0345","first-page":"1851","article-title":"Open globe injuries: classifications and prognostic factors for functional outcome","volume":"11","author":"Mayer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn Basel Switz"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11010","article-title":"CT of globe rupture: analysis and frequency of findings","volume":"202","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(88)90005-0","article-title":"Predictors of scleral rupture and the role of vitrectomy in severe blunt ocular trauma","volume":"105","author":"Russell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13249","article-title":"Accuracy of computed tomography imaging criteria in the diagnosis of adult open globe injuries by neuroradiology and ophthalmology. Jang TB, ed","volume":"24","author":"Crowell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0370","first-page":"1729","article-title":"Imaging of orbital trauma","volume":"28","author":"Kubal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiogr Rev Publ Radiol Soc N Am Inc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0375","first-page":"764","article-title":"Injuries of the globe: what can the radiologist offer?","volume":"34","author":"Sung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiogr Rev Publ Radiol Soc N Am Inc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-007-0576-2","article-title":"Intraorbital wooden foreign body (IOFB): mimicking air on CT","volume":"14","author":"Adesanya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.286085515","article-title":"Nontraumatic orbital conditions: diagnosis with CT and MR imaging in the emergent setting","volume":"28","author":"LeBedis","year":"2008","journal-title":"RadioGraphics."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1653-6","article-title":"Diagnostic value of the anterior chamber depth of a globe on CT for detecting open-globe injury","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.5301\/EJO.2011.8347","article-title":"Diagnostic value of clinical examination and radiographic imaging in identification of intraocular foreign bodies in open globe injury","volume":"22","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5149(02)00012-6","article-title":"Orbital trauma","volume":"12","author":"Go","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00335-3","article-title":"Computed tomography in the diagnosis and prognosis of open-globe injuries","volume":"107","author":"Joseph","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.10.051","article-title":"Computed tomography in the diagnosis of occult open-globe injuries","volume":"114","author":"Arey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.02.001","article-title":"Diagnosis of traumatic eye injuries with point-of-care ocular ultrasonography in the emergency department","volume":"74","author":"Ojaghihaghighi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.9.8.791","article-title":"A study of bedside ocular ultrasonography in the emergency department","volume":"9","author":"Blaivas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med Off J Soc Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.06.374","article-title":"348: Ultrasonographic detection of intraocular foreign bodies","volume":"52","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02080.x","article-title":"Bedside emergency department ultrasonography in the evaluation of ocular pathology","volume":"7","author":"Blaivas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311559","article-title":"Effect of time to primary repair on final visual outcome after open globe injury","volume":"103","author":"Blanch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702099","article-title":"Open globe injuries: factors predictive of poor outcome","volume":"20","author":"Rahman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.16","article-title":"Visual outcome after open globe injury: a comparison of two prognostic models\u2014the ocular trauma score and the classification and regression tree","volume":"24","author":"Man","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2016.0051","article-title":"Use of intravenous vancomycin and cefepime in preventing endophthalmitis after open globe injury","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther Off J Assoc Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0455","first-page":"1687","article-title":"Intravitreal voriconazole: an electroretinographic and histopathologic study","volume":"122","author":"Gao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill 1960"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-199806000-00012","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis","volume":"9","author":"Smiddy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199603630-00014","article-title":"Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis","volume":"36","author":"Samiy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090100032019","article-title":"Ocular fluconazole treatment of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis after failed intravitreal amphotericin B","volume":"111","author":"Borne","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.016","article-title":"Endophthalmitis after open globe injuries","volume":"147","author":"Cebulla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199515020-00012","article-title":"Vitreous cavity penetration of ceftazidime after intravenous administration","volume":"15","author":"Aguilar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Retina Phila Pa"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0485","first-page":"431","article-title":"Prognostic factors in open globe injuries","volume":"217","author":"Cruvinel Isaac","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmol J Int Ophtalmol Int J Ophthalmol Z Augenheilkd"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30424-7","article-title":"Update on types of injuries and visual results","volume":"103","author":"Pieramici","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.04.004","article-title":"Prognostic indicators of open globe injuries in children","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"91","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0500","first-page":"44","article-title":"The ocular trauma score","volume":"28","author":"Scott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.166663","article-title":"Pediatric open globe injury: a review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Bhagat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675722007410?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675722007410?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:04:41Z","timestamp":1760025881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675722007410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["S0735675722007410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High risk and low prevalence diseases: Open globe injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.11.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}