{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:41:09Z","timestamp":1791877269511,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":298,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T20:10:41Z","timestamp":1682453441000},"page":"180-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Crush injury and syndrome: A review for emergency clinicians"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Brit","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Y.","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0005","author":"National Center for Environmental Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0010","author":"Our World in Data"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0015","article-title":"RDRTF of ISN Work Group on Recommendations for the Management of Crush Victims in Mass Disasters. Recommendation for the management of crush victims in mass disasters","volume":"27","author":"Sever","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07340712","article-title":"Management of crush victims in mass disasters: highlights from recently published recommendations","volume":"8","author":"Sever","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.392","article-title":"Disaster nephrology: crush injury and beyond","volume":"85","author":"Gibney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0030","author":"International Search and Rescue Advisory Group"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/336625a0","article-title":"Earthquakes and urban growth","volume":"336","author":"Bilham","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0040","author":"Lall"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60887-8","article-title":"Medical complications associated with earthquakes","volume":"379","author":"Bartels","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-4079(11)61168-8","article-title":"Earthquake engineer: earthquakes don\u2019t kill, but buildings do","volume":"210","author":"McKenna","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Scientist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02066989","article-title":"Crush injury and crush syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Michaelson","year":"1992","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199703000-00015","article-title":"Analysis of 372 patients with crush syndrome caused by the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake","volume":"42","author":"Oda","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(98)00089-1","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure in trauma and surgical patients: a review","volume":"186","author":"Slater","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V92322","article-title":"Crush injuries with impairment of renal function. 1941","volume":"9","author":"Bywaters","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1159\/000169127","article-title":"History of the crush syndrome: from the earthquakes of Messina, Sicily 1909 to Spitak, Armenia 1988","volume":"17","author":"Better","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6766.1412","article-title":"50 years on -the crush syndrome","volume":"301","author":"Bywaters","year":"1990","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0085","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0090","author":"Crush Syndrome - Prolonged Field Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0095","author":"World Vision"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(99)90059-1","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients after the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake","volume":"17","author":"Tanaka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.12.021","article-title":"Evaluation and Management of Acute Compartment Syndrome in the emergency department","volume":"56","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.11.1942","article-title":"Clinical findings in the renal victims of a catastrophic disaster: the Marmara earthquake","volume":"17","author":"Sever","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0115","first-page":"181","article-title":"The mechanism of muscle injury in the crush syndrome: ischemic versus pressure-stretch myopathy","volume":"16","author":"Better","year":"1990","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00003253","article-title":"Surviving collapsed structure entrapment after earthquakes: a \u2018time-to-rescue\u2019 analysis","volume":"21","author":"Macintyre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1984.00350140077012","article-title":"Prevention of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis","volume":"144","author":"Ron","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0130","first-page":"509","article-title":"Developing a consensus classification system for acute renal failure","volume":"8","author":"Kellum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003223221207","article-title":"Early management of shock and prophylaxis of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis","volume":"322","author":"Better","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/164.5.366","article-title":"Rescue and salvage of casualties suffering from the crush syndrome after mass disasters","volume":"164","author":"Better","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668030-00015","article-title":"Crush injury to the lower limbs. Treatment of the local injury","volume":"68","author":"Reis","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000185934","article-title":"The crush syndrome revisited (1940\u20131990)","volume":"55","author":"Better","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nephron."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s12245-009-0115-x","article-title":"Traumatic asphyxia: a rare syndrome in trauma patients","volume":"2","author":"Eken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0160","article-title":"A rare and serious syndrome that requires attention in emergency service: traumatic asphyxia","volume":"2015","author":"Gulbahar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X18001073","article-title":"Human stampedes: an updated review of current literature","volume":"34","author":"de Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.12.061","article-title":"An evidence-based narrative review of the emergency department evaluation and Management of Rhabdomyolysis","volume":"37","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198710000-00007","article-title":"Medical support in the Tangshan earthquake: a review of the management of mass casualties and certain major injuries","volume":"27","author":"Sheng","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(18)30313-0","article-title":"Renal failure in disasters","volume":"7","author":"Collins","year":"1991","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0185","first-page":"35","article-title":"Acute renal failure in earthquake victims in Iran: epidemiology and management","volume":"87","author":"Atef","year":"1994","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.11.019","article-title":"Epidemiologic aspects of the bam earthquake in Iran: the nephrologic perspective","volume":"47","author":"Hatamizadeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70011-8","article-title":"Crush syndrome sustained in the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake; treatment and outcome","volume":"30","author":"Oda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200X.2001.01469.x","article-title":"Crush syndrome of children in the Marmara earthquake","volume":"43","author":"Donmez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Turkey Pediatr Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00002302","article-title":"Prehospital management of earthquake casualties buried under rubble","volume":"20","author":"Ashkenazi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0210","first-page":"372","article-title":"A study of the pathology of the crush syndrome","volume":"154","author":"Santangelo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3109\/08860229209106625","article-title":"Acute renal failure in natural disasters","volume":"14","author":"Noji","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0220","first-page":"619","article-title":"Studies of mechanisms and protective maneuvers in myoglobinuric acute renal injury","volume":"60","author":"Zager","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lab Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/1460408610372441","article-title":"Crush injuries and crush syndrome \u2013 a review. Part 2: the local injury","volume":"12","author":"Jagodzinski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197910000-00012","article-title":"Field surgical intervention: an unusual case","volume":"19","author":"Stewart","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00209-1","article-title":"Ketamine in war\/tropical surgery (a final tribute to the racemic mixture)","volume":"33","author":"Bonanno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.3.459","article-title":"Fatal and hospitalized injuries resulting from the 1994 Northridge earthquake","volume":"27","author":"Peek-Asa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.3.759","article-title":"Profile of chest injuries arising from the 1995 southern Hyogo prefecture earthquake","volume":"110","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0250","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"EMS Mass Casualty Triage. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]","author":"Clarkson","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0255","first-page":"690","article-title":"Simplified estimates of the probability of death after burn injuries: extending and updating the baux score","volume":"68","author":"Osler","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0260","first-page":"399","article-title":"Effect of gender on various parameters of crush syndrome victims of the Marmara earthquake","volume":"17","author":"Sever","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81476-3","article-title":"The ability of physicians to predict hyperkalemia from the ECG","volume":"20","author":"Wrenn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04611007","article-title":"Retrospective review of the frequency of ECG changes in hyperkalemia","volume":"3","author":"Montague","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c184","DOI":"10.1159\/000320200","article-title":"When the earth trembles in the Americas: the experience of Haiti and Chile 2010","volume":"117","author":"Vanholder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.04.004","article-title":"Controversies in management of hyperkalemia","volume":"55","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31818f222b","article-title":"Management of severe hyperkalemia","volume":"36","author":"Weisberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602153340706","article-title":"A medical disaster response to reduce immediate mortality after an earthquake","volume":"334","author":"Schultz","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.0600031114.x","article-title":"The Marmara earthquake: epidemiological analysis of the victims with nephrological problems","volume":"60","author":"Sever","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198811000-00005","article-title":"Terrorist bombings. Lessons learned from Belfast to Beirut","volume":"208","author":"Frykberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(18)30317-8","article-title":"Assessment of prehospital and hospital response in disaster","volume":"7","author":"Ricci","year":"1991","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198709000-00011","article-title":"Hypothermia in trauma victims: an ominous predictor of survival","volume":"27","author":"Jurkovich","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0315","author":"Damage Control Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(03)00091-5","article-title":"Crush injury and rhabdomyolysis","volume":"20","author":"Malinoski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000933","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis among critically ill combat casualties: associations with acute kidney injury and mortality","volume":"80","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0330","first-page":"940","article-title":"Predictive model for estimating risk of crush syndrome: a data mining approach","volume":"62","author":"Aoki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0335","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury","volume":"2","author":"KDIGO Acute Kidney Injury Work Group","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.11.1022","article-title":"The rational clinical examination. Is this patient hypovolemic?","volume":"281","author":"McGee","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000215453.11735.06","article-title":"Passive leg raising predicts fluid responsiveness in the critically ill","volume":"34","author":"Monnet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007121329","article-title":"Bicarbonate therapy in severe metabolic acidosis","volume":"20","author":"Sabatini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-006-0408-9","article-title":"Use of base in the treatment of acute severe organic acidosis by nephrologists and critical care physicians: results of an online survey","volume":"10","author":"Kraut","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2010.33","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"6","author":"Kraut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0365","first-page":"60","article-title":"Loop diuretics in the management of acute renal failure: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"9","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Resusc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.20.2547","article-title":"Diuretics, mortality, and nonrecovery of renal function in acute renal failure","volume":"288","author":"Mehta","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.12.2592","article-title":"Loop diuretics in the management of acute renal failure: a prospective, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study","volume":"12","author":"Shilliday","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000132892.51063.2F","article-title":"Diuretics and mortality in acute renal failure","volume":"32","author":"Uchino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38902.605347.7C","article-title":"Meta-analysis of furosemide to prevent or treat acute renal failure","volume":"333","author":"Ho","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199704000-00010","article-title":"Fluid resuscitation and systemic complications in crush syndrome: 14 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake patients","volume":"42","author":"Shimazu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197705192962002","article-title":"Nonoliguric acute renal failure","volume":"296","author":"Anderson","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9740160","article-title":"Prognosis of patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis: results of a multicenter study","volume":"32","author":"Parker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90460-6","article-title":"Effect of bicarbonate administration on plasma potassium in dialysis patients: interactions with insulin and albuterol","volume":"28","author":"Allon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a092117","article-title":"Post-traumatic acute renal failure: pathogenesis and prophylaxis","volume":"7","author":"Better","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198107163050301","article-title":"The pathophysiology of altered calcium metabolism in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure. Interactions of parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol","volume":"305","author":"Llach","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198107163050307","article-title":"Serum calcium derangements in rhabdomyolysis","volume":"305","author":"Knochel","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-1-137","article-title":"Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in patients with rhabdomyolysis with and without acute renal failure","volume":"63","author":"Akmal","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90385-Q","article-title":"Disappearance of muscular calcium deposits during resolution of prolonged rhabdomyolysis induced hypercalcemia","volume":"89","author":"Lane","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP59326","article-title":"Serum potassium in the crush syndrome victims of the Marmara disaster","volume":"59","author":"Sever","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0440","first-page":"217","article-title":"Recent insights into the pathogenesis and early management of the crush syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Better","year":"1992","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198905113201930","article-title":"Kidney dialysis treatment for victims of the Armenian earthquake","volume":"320","author":"Collins","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066605278969","article-title":"Hyperkalemia: a review","volume":"20","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.8.1629","article-title":"Plasma potassium in patients with terminal renal failure during and after haemodialysis; relationship with dialytic potassium removal and total body potassium","volume":"12","author":"Blumberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/0036554021000027013","article-title":"Infectious complications after mass disasters: the Marmara earthquake experience","volume":"35","author":"Keven","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2009.077859","article-title":"Infections in crush syndrome: a retrospective observational study after the Wenchuan earthquake","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(90)90148-N","article-title":"Acute haemodialysis during the Armenian earthquake disaster","volume":"21","author":"Tattersall","year":"1990","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00136","article-title":"Ability of lower-extremity injury severity scores to predict functional outcome after limb salvage","volume":"90","author":"LEAP Study group","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199005000-00007","article-title":"Objective criteria accurately predict amputation following lower extremity trauma","volume":"30","author":"Johansen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B11.16512","article-title":"The validity of the mangled extremity severity score in the assessment of upper limb injuries","volume":"87","author":"Togawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Br)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.06.006","article-title":"Early fasciotomy in patients with extremity vascular injury is associated with decreased risk of adverse limb outcomes: a review of the National Trauma Data Bank","volume":"43","author":"Farber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00822.x","article-title":"Muscle crush compartment syndrome: fulminant local edema with threatening systemic effects","volume":"63","author":"Better","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B4.15334","article-title":"Mechanical muscle-crush injury and acute muscle-crush compartment syndrome: with special reference to earthquake casualties","volume":"87","author":"Reis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Br)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0505","first-page":"305","article-title":"Crush syndrome: experience from the Lebanon war, 1982","volume":"20","author":"Michaelson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000129336.09976.73","article-title":"Early and vigorous fluid resuscitation prevents acute renal failure in the crush victims of catastrophic earthquakes","volume":"15","author":"Gunal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1159\/000045106","article-title":"Mannitol treatment for acute compartment syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Daniels","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1159\/000186448","article-title":"Hypertonic mannitol ameliorates intracompartmental tamponade in model compartment syndrome in the dog","volume":"58","author":"Better","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nephron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.409","article-title":"Mannitol therapy revisited (1940\u20131997)","volume":"52","author":"Better","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029_bb0530","first-page":"S226","article-title":"Crush injury and crush syndrome: a review","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675723002127?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675723002127?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:07:04Z","timestamp":1760026024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675723002127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["S0735675723002127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Crush injury and syndrome: A review for emergency clinicians","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}