{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:06:41Z","timestamp":1780610801783,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T20:56:58Z","timestamp":1692046618000},"page":"95-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dexmedetomidine versus propofol: An effective combination with ketamine for adult procedural sedation: A randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Esmaillian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soheila","family":"Kouhestani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Azizkhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Heydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Raza","family":"Safavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002599","article-title":"Ketofol for procedural sedation and analgesia in the pediatric population","volume":"38","author":"Iqbal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.10.015","article-title":"Clinical policy: procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department","volume":"63","author":"Godwin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2019.002","article-title":"Using ketamine and propofol for procedural sedation of adults in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ghojazadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Pharma Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.07.059","article-title":"A comparative study of dexmedetomidine and propofol to prevent recovery agitation in adults undergoing procedural sedation with ketamine: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"50","author":"Azizkhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_251_20","article-title":"Comparison of haemodynamic changes between propofol and ketofol as induction agents in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general anaesthesia","volume":"38","author":"Raman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4274\/eajem.galenos.2020.67689","article-title":"The effect of low dose ketamine on the need for morphine in patients with multiple trauma in emergency department","volume":"19","author":"Heydari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2012.01.017","article-title":"Ketamine-propofol combination (ketofol) versus propofol alone for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: a randomized double-blind trial","volume":"59","author":"Andolfatto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12737","article-title":"Ketamine-propofol versus propofol alone for procedural sedation in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjan.2020.08.005","article-title":"Propofol-ketamine versus dexmedetomidine-ketamine for sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in pediatric patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"70","author":"Amer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Anestesiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11166","article-title":"The comparison of ketamine-dexmedetomidine (ketadex) and ketamine-propofol (ketofol) for procedural sedation in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-022-01291-y","article-title":"Ketamine and dexmedetomidine (keto-dex) or ketamine and propofol (keto-fol) for procedural sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: which is safer? A randomized clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4103\/jpn.JPN_107_19","article-title":"Comparing sedative effect of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for sedation of children while undergoing computerized tomography imaging","volume":"15","author":"Azizkhani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_254_16","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ketamine-dexmedetomidine versus ketamine-propofol combinations for sedation in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"20","author":"Mogahd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0070","first-page":"529","article-title":"To compare the efficacy of two intravenous combinations of drugs Ketamine\u2013Propofol vs Ketamine\u2013dexmedetomidine for sedation in children undergoing dental treatment","volume":"13","author":"Joshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00416","article-title":"Combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine for magnetic resonance imaging sedation","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-017-0454-8","article-title":"Pediatric premedication: a double-blind randomized trial of dexmedetomidine or ketamine alone versus a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine","volume":"17","author":"Qiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.11.016","article-title":"Premedication with midazolam or haloperidol to prevent recovery agitation in adults undergoing procedural sedation with ketamine: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"73","author":"Akhlaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0090","first-page":"693","article-title":"Comparison of ketamine-propofol and ketamine-dexmedetomidine combinations in children for sedation during tooth extraction","volume":"67","author":"Canpolat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2010.04.010","article-title":"Propofol\/dexmedetomidine and propofol\/ketamine combinations for anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing transcatheter atrial septal defect closure: a prospective randomized study","volume":"32","author":"Koruk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2011.01010.x","article-title":"A prospective case series of single-syringe Ketamine\u2013Propofol (Ketofol) for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia in adults","volume":"18","author":"Andolfatto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.08.073","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine in combination with ketamine for pediatric procedural sedation or premedication: a meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_661_20","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in reducing recovery agitation in pediatric patients after ketamine procedural sedation in emergency department","volume":"26","author":"Azizkhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2014.03.010","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine reduces the risk of delirium, agitation and confusion in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"28","author":"Pasin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000327","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine added to an opioid-based analgesic regimen for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in highly susceptible patients: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675723004424?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675723004424?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:06:52Z","timestamp":1760026012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675723004424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0735675723004424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dexmedetomidine versus propofol: An effective combination with ketamine for adult procedural sedation: A randomized clinical trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.08.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}