{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:57:40Z","timestamp":1791421060117,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T18:30:39Z","timestamp":1701282639000},"page":"155-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["When the economy falters, hearts suffer: Economic recessions as a social determinant of health in cardiovascular emergencies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Workman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Zordani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranav","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shravan","family":"Asthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Christopher Malaisrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0005","series-title":"NCHS Data Brief National Center for Health Statistics","article-title":"Mortality in the United States, 2021","author":"Xu","year":"2022"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.120.010931","article-title":"Disentangling the links between psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease","volume":"13","author":"Osborne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.189","article-title":"Effects of stress on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease","volume":"15","author":"Kivimaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.45","article-title":"Stress and cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Steptoe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.03.093","article-title":"Financial strain predicts recurrent events among women with coronary artery disease","volume":"135","author":"Georgiades","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2022.09.006","article-title":"The social determinants of ideal cardiovascular health: a global systematic review","volume":"76","author":"Qureshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487317705916","article-title":"Effects of education and income on cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Khaing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0040","series-title":"Who Suffers During Recessions?","author":"Hoynes HWea.","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0045","series-title":"Changes in Health Insurance Coverage in the Great Recession, 2007-2010","author":"Holahan","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0050","series-title":"Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2020","author":"Keisler-Starkey","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.10.4.320","article-title":"Predictors and outcomes of frequent emergency department users","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0060","series-title":"Health, United States, 2020\u20132021: Annual Perspective","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","year":"2023"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1212321","article-title":"The Oregon experiment--effects of Medicaid on clinical outcomes","volume":"368","author":"Baicker","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13963","article-title":"Impact of a statewide emergency department information exchange on health care use and expenditures","volume":"57","author":"Sabbatini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2015.03.004","article-title":"Recessions, healthy no more?","volume":"42","author":"Ruhm","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0080","first-page":"4","article-title":"New indexes of coincident and leading economic indicators","author":"Stock","year":"1989","journal-title":"Natl Bureau Econ Res Macroecon Annu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-5398(99)00015-8","article-title":"Coincident and leading indicators of the stock market","volume":"7","author":"Chauvet","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Empir Financ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0090","series-title":"Chief Economists Say Global Recession Likely In 2023, But Pressures On Food, Energy and Inflation May Be Peaking","author":"Tochibayashi","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0095","author":"Tracker"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0100","series-title":"Confidence in Financial Institutions, in Surverys of Consumers","author":"Hsu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0105","unstructured":"Second Quarter 2023 Survey of Professional Forecasters. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. (https:\/\/www.philadelphiafed.org\/surveys-and-data\/real-time-data-research\/spf-q2-2023). Accessed July 8, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0110","author":"National Center for Health Statistics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: leading causes for 2019","volume":"70","author":"Heron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0120","unstructured":"ICD-9-CM to and from ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS Crosswalk or General Equivalence Mappings. NBER. (https:\/\/www.nber.org\/research\/data\/icd-9-cm-and-icd-10-cm-and-icd-10-pcs-crosswalk-or-general-equivalence-mappings). Accessed July 8, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0125","unstructured":"US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average [CPIAUCSL]. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/CPIAUCSL). Accessed July 8, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0130","unstructured":"(US) BoGotFRS. Federal Funds Effective Rate [DFF]. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/DFF). Accessed July 8, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0135","unstructured":"Analysis USBoE. Real Disposable Personal Income [DSPIC96]. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/DSPIC96). Accessed July 8, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0140","unstructured":"Development USCBaUSDoHaU. New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units [HOUST]. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis (https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/HOUST). Accessed July 8, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0145","unstructured":"LLC SPDJI. S&P 500 [SP500]. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/series\/SP500). Accessed July 8, 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.957225","article-title":"Lifetime costs of medical care after heart failure diagnosis","volume":"4","author":"Dunlay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0160","first-page":"353","article-title":"Health resource utilization and direct costs associated with angina for patients with coronary artery disease in a US managed care setting","volume":"4","author":"Kempf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0165","series-title":"Implementation Handbook 2012 Edition","article-title":"Emergency severity index (ESI): a triage tool for emergency department care, version 4","author":"Gilboy","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.12.025","article-title":"Characteristics and trends of emergency department visits in the United States (2010-2014)","volume":"56","author":"Hooker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20m13241","article-title":"Increasing emergency department visits for mental health conditions in the United States","volume":"81","author":"Theriault","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12219","article-title":"Non-emergency department interventions to reduce ED utilization: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Morgan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13060","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions to decrease emergency department visits by adult frequent users: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Moe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0190","first-page":"53","article-title":"Incremental healthcare resource utilization and expenditures associated with cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes: a cross-sectional study","volume":"47","author":"Ebrahimoghli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.26.1.38","article-title":"An overview of cardiovascular disease burden in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Mensah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002616","article-title":"Favorable cardiovascular risk profile is associated with lower healthcare costs and resource utilization: the 2012 medical expenditure panel survey","volume":"9","author":"Valero-Elizondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027192","article-title":"Impact of socioeconomic status on emergency department visits in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2011.01127.x","article-title":"A population-based study of the association between socioeconomic status and emergency department utilization in Ontario, Canada","volume":"18","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2011.01246.x","article-title":"Social and medical vulnerability factors of emergency department frequent users in a universal health insurance system","volume":"19","author":"Bieler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.12.030","article-title":"Characteristics of frequent users of emergency departments","volume":"48","author":"Hunt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2011.11.036","article-title":"Frequent users of emergency departments: developing standard definitions and defining prominent risk factors","volume":"60","author":"Doupe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000108747.51198.41","article-title":"Characteristics of occasional and frequent emergency department users: do insurance coverage and access to care matter?","volume":"42","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12553","article-title":"Changes in insurance status and emergency department visits after the 2008 economic downturn","volume":"22","author":"Watts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029652","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular outcomes: challenges and interventions","volume":"137","author":"Schultz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4226","article-title":"The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014","volume":"315","author":"Chetty","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706226","article-title":"Socioeconomic position, race\/ethnicity, and inflammation in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"116","author":"Ranjit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000087","article-title":"Cumulative meta-analysis of job strain and CHD","volume":"25","author":"Kivimaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114452","article-title":"Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update on current knowledge","volume":"34","author":"Steptoe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"9852","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60994-5","article-title":"Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"380","author":"Kivimaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10005","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60295-1","article-title":"Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603,838 individuals","volume":"386","author":"Kivimaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12692","article-title":"Psychosocial stress and major cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease","volume":"283","author":"Hagstrom","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/107755870005700302","article-title":"Gaining and losing health insurance: strengthening the evidence for effects on access to care and health outcomes","volume":"57","author":"Kasper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1162\/003355300554872","article-title":"Are recessions good for your health?","volume":"115","author":"Ruhm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.11.020","article-title":"Impact of the 2008-2009 economic recession on screening colonoscopy utilization among the insured","volume":"10","author":"Dorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1414","article-title":"The great recession and racial and ethnic disparities in health services use","volume":"173","author":"Mortensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00952-0","article-title":"A systematic review of medical costs associated with heart failure in the USA (2014-2020)","volume":"38","author":"Urbich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S89331","article-title":"Patient-level costs of major cardiovascular conditions: a review of the international literature","volume":"8","author":"Nicholson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1563-7","article-title":"Emergency department and inpatient healthcare utilization due to hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2023.102737","article-title":"The effect of housing wealth on older adults\u2019 health care utilization: evidence from fluctuations in the U.S. housing market","volume":"88","author":"Tran","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S218661","article-title":"Understanding healthcare utilization in China through the Andersen behavioral model: review of evidence from the China health and nutrition survey","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0325","first-page":"2339","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors, depression, and alcohol consumption during joblessness and during recessions among young adults in CARDIA","volume":"187","author":"Tapia Granados","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(03)00041-9","article-title":"Good times make you sick","volume":"22","author":"Ruhm","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0335","first-page":"328","article-title":"Economic conditions and health behaviors: are recessions good for your health?","volume":"70","author":"Ruhm","year":"2009","journal-title":"N C Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(02)00033-4","article-title":"Does drinking really decrease in bad times?","volume":"21","author":"Ruhm","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146513483772","article-title":"Debt and foregone medical care","volume":"54","author":"Kalousova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1525-0","article-title":"Demographic and service-use profiles of individuals using the CarePayment program for hospital-related medical debt: results from a nationwide survey of guarantors","volume":"16","author":"Lessard","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198113493093","article-title":"Tough choices in tough times: debt and medication nonadherence","volume":"41","author":"Kalousova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Soyres F, A.M. Santacreu, and H. Young. \"Fiscal policy and excess inflation during Covid-19: a cross-country view,\". FEDS Notes. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17016\/2380-7172.3083). Accessed July 8, 2023.","DOI":"10.17016\/2380-7172.3083"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0365","unstructured":"TL NZa. Global Supply Chain Pressures and U.S. Inflation. San Francisco Fed. (https:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/economic-research\/publications\/economic-letter\/2023\/june\/global-supply-chain-pressures-and-us%20inflation\/#:~:text=Supply%20chain%20disruptions%20increase%20input,inflation%20in%202021%20and%202022). Accessed July 8, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0370","unstructured":"\u00d3 A. One Year Since Russia's Invasion of Ukraine \u2013 the Effects on Euro Area Inflation. European Central Bank (https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/press\/blog\/date\/2023\/html\/ecb.blog20230224~3b75362af3.en.html#:~:text=The%20war%20added%20heavily%20to,%2C%20ECB%20Blog%2C%2025%20November). [Accessed July 8, 2023]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0375","author":"Bureau of Labor Statistics USDoL"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2012.07.010","article-title":"Understanding and interpreting the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: key questions and answers","volume":"60","author":"McCaig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0385","author":"Nancy Ochieng"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558720952582","article-title":"Association of medicare advantage penetration with per capita spending, emergency department visits, and readmission rates among fee-for-service medicare beneficiaries with high comorbidity burden","volume":"78","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675723006496?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675723006496?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:08:27Z","timestamp":1760026107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675723006496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S0735675723006496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"When the economy falters, hearts suffer: Economic recessions as a social determinant of health in cardiovascular emergencies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.11.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}