{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:15:16Z","timestamp":1786947316582,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3R01DA048009-04S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01DA048009-04S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA048009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA048009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T19:07:59Z","timestamp":1734721679000},"page":"169-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tramadol as a fentanyl adulterant: Prevalence and management in a ToxIC Fentalog study prospective cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Dicker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Lothet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Aldy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Brent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Wax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Culbreth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharan","family":"Campleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Krotulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Amaducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Judge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Calello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Hendrickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Meaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex F.","family":"Manini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999-2020","volume":"426","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 2001-2021","volume":"457","author":"Spencer","year":"2022","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919887741","article-title":"The emerging role of Toxic adulterants in street drugs in the US illicit opioid crisis","volume":"135","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0020","series-title":"The Fentalog study: A subset of nonfatal suspected opioid-involved overdoses with toxicology testing","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-020-00569-0","article-title":"A review on tramadol toxicity: mechanism of action, clinical presentation, and treatment","volume":"39","author":"Nakhaee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200443130-00004","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of tramadol","volume":"43","author":"Grond","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bms066","article-title":"New HPLC method to detect individual opioids (heroin and tramadol) and their metabolites in the blood of rats on combination treatment","volume":"50","author":"Mahdy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Chromatogr Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0040","series-title":"Neuropathology of drug addictions and substance misuse [internet]","first-page":"867","article-title":"Street level heroin, an overview on its components and adulterants","author":"Akhgari","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0045","article-title":"Tramadol in seized drugs containing non-pharmaceutical fentanyl: crime lab data from Ohio, USA","volume":"2","author":"Ruhter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Trends Drugs Addict Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2014.01.006","article-title":"Tramadol deaths in Northern Ireland: a review of cases from 1996 to 2012","volume":"23","author":"Randall","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1036279","article-title":"Tramadol overdose causes seizures and respiratory depression but serotonin toxicity appears unlikely","volume":"53","author":"Ryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0060","first-page":"313","article-title":"Seizures after use and abuse of tramadol","volume":"33","author":"Bekjarovski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prilozi"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2019.1694861","article-title":"Tramadol and the occurrence of seizures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Nakhaee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659709043367","article-title":"Prospective multicenter evaluation of tramadol exposure","volume":"35","author":"Spiller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S133","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S133","article-title":"Opioid pharmacology","volume":"11","author":"Trescot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2017.1401080","article-title":"Is naloxone the best antidote to reverse tramadol-induced neuro-respiratory toxicity in overdose? An experimental investigation in the rat","volume":"56","author":"Lagard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"147","author":"Von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13968","article-title":"Detection of cutting agents in drug-positive seized exhibits within the United States","volume":"64","author":"Fiorentin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0095","first-page":"1","article-title":"Number and variety of detected substances in a regional sample of the illicit drug supply in Saint Louis","author":"Dicker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Missouri Clin Toxicol Phila Pa"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2303120","article-title":"Xylazine \u2014 medical and public health imperatives","volume":"388","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2020-043968","article-title":"Increasing presence of xylazine in heroin and\/or fentanyl deaths, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2010\u20132019","volume":"27","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2174\/2211556010666210125124645","article-title":"The rapidly changing composition of the global street drug supply and its effects on high-risk groups for COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Browne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0115","first-page":"270","article-title":"Tramadol combined with fentanyl in awake endotracheal intubation","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.033","article-title":"The cutting of cocaine and heroin: a critical review","volume":"262","author":"Bros\u00e9us","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13741","article-title":"Short-term mortality following tramadol poisonings in Denmark","volume":"131","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0130","first-page":"1","article-title":"CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain - United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Dowell","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S49502","article-title":"Review of extended-release formulations of tramadol for the management of chronic non-cancer pain: focus on marketed formulations","volume":"7","author":"Kizilbash","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0140","first-page":"717","article-title":"The role of tramadol in current treatment strategies for musculoskeletal pain","volume":"3","author":"Schug","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6610a1","article-title":"Characteristics of initial prescription episodes and likelihood of long-term opioid use - United States, 2006-2015","volume":"66","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675724007216?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675724007216?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T23:22:19Z","timestamp":1741130539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675724007216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0735675724007216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tramadol as a fentanyl adulterant: Prevalence and management in a ToxIC Fentalog study prospective cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.12.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}