{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T19:40:05Z","timestamp":1750794005100,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T23:23:54Z","timestamp":1742858634000},"page":"80-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cephalexin twice daily versus four times daily for the treatment of urinary tract infections diagnosed in the emergency department"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Abigail","family":"Rath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Morrisette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Hamby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Burgoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Billups","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.08.009","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: Core curriculum 2024","volume":"83","author":"Al Lawati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofw281","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw281","article-title":"The increase in hospitalizations for urinary tract infections and the associated costs in the United States, 1998-2011","volume":"4","author":"Simmering","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"author":"Cairns","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options","volume":"13","author":"Flores-Mireles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nav Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0649","article-title":"In-hospital outcomes and costs among patients hospitalized during a return visit to the emergency department","volume":"315","author":"Sabbatini","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S382617","article-title":"Unmet needs in complicated urinary tract infections: challenges, recommendations, and emerging treatment pathways","volume":"16","author":"Marantidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad332","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad332","article-title":"Definitions of urinary tract infection in current research: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Bilsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq257","article-title":"International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"52","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Complicated urinary tract infections: developing drugs for treatment","author":"US Food and Drug Administration","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0045"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.44495","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of urinary tract infections in pediatrics and adults: a WikiGuidelines group consensus statement","volume":"7","author":"Nelson","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"year":"2025","series-title":"Fera Pharmaceuticals. Locust Valley, NY 11560","author":"Cephalexin (Keflex) [package insert]","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0055"},{"author":"Lexicomp","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0060"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad430","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad430","article-title":"Two times versus four times daily cephalexin dosing for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in females","volume":"10","author":"Yetsko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2179","article-title":"Revisiting \u03b2-lactams for treatment of urinary tract infections: assessing clinical outcomes of twice-daily cephalexin for empiric treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections","volume":"63","author":"Benning","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.11.2612","article-title":"Single-dose fosfomycin trometamol versus 5-day cephalexin regimen for treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women","volume":"38","author":"Elhanan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"year":"2024","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0080"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03679-9","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of oral antibiotics for pyelonephritis","volume":"38","author":"Cattrall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80109-0","article-title":"A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance","volume":"23","author":"Claxton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-007-9147-y","article-title":"The impact of medication regimen factors on adherence to chronic treatment: a review of literature","volume":"31","author":"Ingersoll","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.9.1849","article-title":"Use of ciprofloxacin versus use of aminoglycosides for therapy of complicated urinary tract infection: prospective, randomized clinical and pharmacokinetic study","volume":"35","author":"Fang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.1.86","article-title":"A multicenter comparative study of meropenem and imipenem\/cilastatin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients","volume":"21","author":"Cox","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199753040-00004","article-title":"A practical guide to the management of complicated urinary tract infection","volume":"53","author":"Nicolle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01973737","article-title":"Randomised double-blind study of norfloxacin and cefadroxil in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis","volume":"9","author":"Sandberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.12.363","article-title":"First-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of complicated upper urinary tract infection in adults: a systematic literature review","volume":"116","author":"D\u00edaz-Brochero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-021-00469-9","article-title":"Outcomes for patients with urinary tract infection after an initial intravenous antibiotics dose before emergency department discharge","volume":"10","author":"Poh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0130","first-page":"469","article-title":"Optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in older women: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"170","author":"Vogel","year":"2004","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"Supplement_2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxae026","article-title":"Cefdinir vs cephalexin for the treatment of urinary tract infections: a retrospective evaluation","volume":"81","author":"Lloyd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Health-Syst Pharm"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675725002232?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675725002232?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T19:03:15Z","timestamp":1750791795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675725002232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S0735675725002232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0735-6757"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cephalexin twice daily versus four times daily for the treatment of urinary tract infections diagnosed in the emergency department","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.03.058","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}