{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:47:54Z","timestamp":1790185674255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001316","name":"Abbott Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:56:55Z","timestamp":1770685015000},"page":"152-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Use of plasma-based brain biomarkers in the emergency department to rule out the need for unnecessary head CT imaging in acute mild traumatic brain injury patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Samer","family":"Elkhodair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Lalor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Altaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandani","family":"Limbad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Pradhan-Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola Sevilla","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobby","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shpata","family":"Meta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erlyn","family":"Camas-Lomibao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2512-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe","volume":"157","author":"Peeters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/453978","article-title":"What is the incidence of intracranial bleeding in patients with mild traumatic brain injury? A retrospective study in 3088 Canadian CT head rule patients","volume":"2013","author":"Albers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"9266","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04561-X","article-title":"The Canadian CT head rule for patients with minor head injury","volume":"357","author":"Stiell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000001140","article-title":"Consensus paper on the assessment of adult patients with traumatic brain injury with Glasgow coma scale 13\u201315 at the emergency department: a multidisciplinary overview","volume":"31","author":"Backus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-019-0673-8","article-title":"Application of NICE or SNC guidelines may reduce the need for computerized tomographies in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a retrospective chart review and theoretical application of five guidelines","volume":"27","author":"Svensson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00154-1","article-title":"A new characterisation of acute traumatic brain injury: the NIH-NINDS TBI classification and nomenclature initiative","volume":"24","author":"Manley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6375","article-title":"A serum protein biomarker panel improves outcome prediction in human traumatic brain injury","volume":"36","author":"Thelin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-022-01062-w","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of biomarker S100B and guideline adherence in routine care of mild head trauma","volume":"31","author":"Faisal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0045","article-title":"Management of patients suffering from mild traumatic brain injury 2023","volume":"42","author":"Gil-Jardin\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0050","author":"American College of Surgeons"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0055","series-title":"Use of traumatic brain injury biomarkers after a potentially concussive event","author":"Joint Trauma System","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0060","first-page":"31","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury and biomarkers of acute brain injury","volume":"3","author":"Temboury Ruiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Esp Urg Emerg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2021.0048","article-title":"Evaluation of acute glial fibrillary acidic protein and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 plasma levels in traumatic brain injury patients with and without intracranial lesions","volume":"2","author":"Biberthaler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotrauma Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2011.08.021","article-title":"Elevated levels of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein breakdown products in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury are associated with intracranial lesions and neurosurgical intervention","volume":"59","author":"Papa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7071","article-title":"Biomarkers may predict unfavorable neurological outcome after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"37","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0080","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3040","article-title":"Acute biomarkers of traumatic brain injury: relationship between plasma levels of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-l1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein","volume":"31","author":"Diaz-Arrastia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.17.226","article-title":"Review of the potential use of blood neuro-biomarkers in the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0095","author":"National Institute for hHealth and cCare eExcellence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-9-8","article-title":"Understanding practice: the factors that influence management of mild traumatic brain injury in the emergency department--a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework","volume":"9","author":"Tavender","year":"2014","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14366","article-title":"Accuracy of a rapid glial fibrillary acidic protein\/ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 test for the prediction of intracranial injuries on head computed tomography after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"28","author":"Bazarian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0110","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515117721561","article-title":"The effect of nurse-to-patient ratios on nurse-sensitive patient outcomes in acute specialist units: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Driscoll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2019-000473","article-title":"Evaluating glial and neuronal blood biomarkers GFAP and UCH-L1 as gradients of brain injury in concussive, subconcussive and non-concussive trauma: a prospective cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Papa","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30282-0","article-title":"Association between plasma GFAP concentrations and MRI abnormalities in patients with CT-negative traumatic brain injury in the TRACK-TBI cohort: a prospective multicentre study","volume":"18","author":"Yue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675726000859?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675726000859?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T18:18:43Z","timestamp":1777573123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675726000859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S0735675726000859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Use of plasma-based brain biomarkers in the emergency department to rule out the need for unnecessary head CT imaging in acute mild traumatic brain injury patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.02.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}