{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:59:58Z","timestamp":1790405998695,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002461","name":"Chungbuk National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002461","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T23:23:01Z","timestamp":1782343381000},"page":"52-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prehospital epinephrine as a bridge to survival in traumatic cardiac arrest: A nationwide propensity score-matched analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Hyun Seok","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwan Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-2773-2","article-title":"The global survival rate among adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-01941-y","article-title":"Prehospital traumatic cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Vianen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001070","article-title":"Prehospital traumatic cardiac arrest: management and outcomes from the resuscitation outcomes consortium epistry-trauma and PROPHET registries","volume":"81","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0020","first-page":"467","article-title":"Resuscitation outcomes and clinical characteristics based on the initial ECG rhythm in prehospital traumatic cardiac arrest patients","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0025","first-page":"190","article-title":"Survival rate and neurologic outcome for patients after traumatic cardiac arrest","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.09.025","article-title":"Traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Melbourne","volume":"83","author":"Deasy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australia Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2024-001698","article-title":"Economic impact of reduced state trauma mortality on lifetime personal income and state tax revenue","volume":"10","author":"Groce","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0040","series-title":"Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) student course manual","author":"American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440080084029","article-title":"Coronary perfusion pressure and the return of spontaneous circulation in human cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"263","author":"Paradis","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0050","article-title":"European resuscitation council guidelines 2025 special circumstances in resuscitation","volume":"215","author":"Lott","year":"2025","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-015-0181-4","article-title":"Prehospital intravenous epinephrine may boost survival of patients with traumatic cardiac arrest: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Chiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9922","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46460-w","article-title":"Association of prehospital epinephrine administration with survival among patients with traumatic cardiac arrest caused by traffic collisions","volume":"9","author":"Aoki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.03.134","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest in Qatar: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"240","author":"Irfan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2025.2461283","article-title":"Epinephrine in prehospital traumatic cardiac arrest\u2014life saving or false hope?","volume":"30","author":"Witt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.23.081","article-title":"The prehospital emergency medical service system in Korea: its current status and future direction","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110288","article-title":"Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: 2024 update of the Utstein out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry template","volume":"201","author":"Grasner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4103\/JETS.JETS_35_21","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of epinephrine for traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Wongtanasarasin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05700-4","article-title":"Unlocking survival in traumatic cardiac arrest: global insights, innovations, and unmet needs","volume":"29","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199102000-00021","article-title":"Influence of epinephrine on systemic, myocardial, and cerebral acid-base status during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"74","author":"Lindner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806842","article-title":"A randomized trial of epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"379","author":"Perkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31819cedc9","article-title":"Epinephrine reduces cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"37","author":"Ristagno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123564","article-title":"Association between timing of epinephrine administration and outcomes of traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest following traffic collisions","volume":"11","author":"Hosomi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-023-02279-9","article-title":"Stay and play or load and go? The association of on-scene advanced life support interventions with return of spontaneous circulation following traumatic cardiac arrest","volume":"49","author":"Smida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04327-7","article-title":"The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: sixth edition","volume":"27","author":"Rossaint","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675726003128?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675726003128?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:34:48Z","timestamp":1790404488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675726003128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S0735675726003128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prehospital epinephrine as a bridge to survival in traumatic cardiac arrest: A nationwide propensity score-matched analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.06.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}