{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:58:27Z","timestamp":1790539107746,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T14:56:34Z","timestamp":1786805794000},"page":"103-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical severity of immersion pulmonary edema: A 14-year cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Morgane","family":"Kociuba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joffrey","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Amara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorian","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetan","family":"Texier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Gempp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Eric","family":"Blatteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8629","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91426-8","article-title":"Cold-induced pulmonary oedema in scuba divers and swimmers and subsequent development of hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Wilmshurst","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1007316","article-title":"An update on environment-induced pulmonary edema - \u201cWhen the lungs leak under water and in thin air\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Tetzlaff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08050762","article-title":"Pulmonary oedema in healthy persons during scuba-diving and swimming","volume":"8","author":"Pons","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0020","series-title":"M\u00e9decine de la plong\u00e9e. Issy-les -Moulineaux","first-page":"425p","author":"Blatteau","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535030-00001","article-title":"Pulmonary oedema of immersion","volume":"35","author":"Koehle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm54.4.281-286","article-title":"Occurrence and resolution of freediving-induced pulmonary syndrome in breath-hold divers: an online survey of lung squeeze incidents","volume":"54","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.11.019","article-title":"Incidence and impact of swimming-induced pulmonary edema on navy SEAL candidates","volume":"159","author":"Volk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm54.4.344-349","article-title":"Joint position statement on immersion pulmonary oedema and diving from the South Pacific underwater medicine society (SPUMS) and the United Kingdom diving medical committee (UKDMC) 2024","volume":"54","author":"Banham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.06.034","article-title":"Incidence of swimming-induced pulmonary edema: a cohort study based on 47,600 open-water swimming distances","volume":"160","author":"H\u00e5rdstedt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.08.004","article-title":"Swimming-induced pulmonary edema in triathletes","volume":"28","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"142","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0052-2016","article-title":"Sports-related lung injury during breath-hold diving","volume":"25","author":"Mijacika","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00641.2007","article-title":"Pulmonary edema after competitive breath-hold diving","volume":"104","author":"Lin\u00e9r","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm49.1.30-40","article-title":"Immersion pulmonary oedema: a cardiological perspective","volume":"49","author":"Wilmshurst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22071148","article-title":"A temporal comparison of 50 years of Australian scuba diving fatalities","volume":"22","author":"Lippmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0075","first-page":"71","article-title":"Factors contributing to snorkel drowning in Hawai\u2019i","volume":"81","author":"Foti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hawaii J Health Soc Welf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0080","first-page":"40","article-title":"Scuba divers\u2019 pulmonary oedema: recurrences and fatalities","volume":"42","author":"Edmonds","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0085","first-page":"97","article-title":"Two fatal cases of immersion pulmonary oedema - using dive accident investigation to assist the forensic pathologist","volume":"44","author":"Smart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.69","article-title":"Swimming-induced pulmonary edema","volume":"41","author":"Lund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004060","article-title":"Pathophysiological and diagnostic implications of cardiac biomarkers and antidiuretic hormone release in distinguishing immersion pulmonary edema from decompression sickness","volume":"95","author":"Louge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-022-02809-x","article-title":"Fatal diving: could it be an immersion pulmonary edema? Case report","volume":"136","author":"Evain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm52.3.217-220","article-title":"Takotsubo cardiomyopathy findings on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging following immersion pulmonary oedema","volume":"52","author":"Stokes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0110","first-page":"411","article-title":"Swimming-induced immersion pulmonary edema while snorkeling can be rapidly life-threatening: case reports","volume":"40","author":"Cochard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.050","article-title":"Cardiovascular mechanisms of extravascular lung water accumulation in divers","volume":"119","author":"Castagna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2010.00922.x","article-title":"Pulmonary oedema in healthy SCUBA divers: new physiopathological pathways","volume":"30","author":"Coulange","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0125","first-page":"592","article-title":"Hemodynamic changes in man during immersion with the head above water","volume":"43","author":"Arborelius","year":"1972","journal-title":"Aerosp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0130","first-page":"e109","article-title":"Static immersion and negative static lung load-induced right ventricle systolic function adaptation: a risk factor for immersion pulmonary edema","volume":"166","author":"Druelle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-017-0116-x","article-title":"The key roles of negative pressure breathing and exercise in the development of interstitial pulmonary edema in professional male SCUBA divers","volume":"4","author":"Castagna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05066-3","article-title":"A century of exercise physiology: lung fluid balance during and following exercise","volume":"123","author":"Miserocchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2018.1546104","article-title":"A literature review of immersion pulmonary edema","volume":"47","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00109-2","article-title":"Pulmonary oedema induced by strenuous swimming: a field study","volume":"121","author":"Shupak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2015.02.003","article-title":"Cardiovascular concerns in water sports","volume":"34","author":"Bove","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0160","first-page":"e45","article-title":"Suggested novel risk factors for swimming-induced pulmonary edema - asthma and limited open water swimming experience","volume":"160","author":"Kristiansson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.01.021","article-title":"Hypertension is predictive of recurrent immersion pulmonary edema in scuba divers","volume":"172","author":"Gempp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000524","article-title":"Immersion pulmonary edema and comorbidities: case series and updated review","volume":"47","author":"Peacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0175","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0180","first-page":"665","article-title":"Risk factors for immersion pulmonary edema in recreational scuba divers: a case-control study","volume":"46","author":"Henckes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.01.339","article-title":"Reversible myocardial dysfunction and clinical outcome in scuba divers with immersion pulmonary edema","volume":"111","author":"Gempp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0190","first-page":"L836","article-title":"Mechanisms of lung endothelial barrier disruption induced by cigarette smoke: role of oxidative stress and ceramides","volume":"301","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Phys Lung Cell Mol Phys"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207886","article-title":"Cigarette smokers have exaggerated alveolar barrier disruption in response to lipopolysaccharide inhalation","volume":"71","author":"Moazed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90991.2008","article-title":"The physiology and pathophysiology of human breath-hold diving","volume":"106","author":"Lindholm","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00652","article-title":"Diagnosis of swimming induced pulmonary edema-a review","volume":"8","author":"Gr\u00fcnig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.04.028","article-title":"Swimming-induced pulmonary edema: diagnostic criteria validated by lung ultrasound","volume":"158","author":"H\u00e5rdstedt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675726004134?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735675726004134?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:39:34Z","timestamp":1790537974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735675726004134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0735675726004134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-6757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-6757","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical severity of immersion pulmonary edema: A 14-year cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.08.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}