{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:41:26Z","timestamp":1788234086279,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030887","name":"Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030887","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020374","name":"Ministry of Ayurveda Yoga and Naturopathy Unani Siddha and Homoeopathy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arab Journal of Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T07:23:10Z","timestamp":1738048990000},"page":"112-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["\u201cEvaluation of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver Disease: A Randomized, single blind, controlled trial\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Aaqib","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shameem Ahmad","family":"Rather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0706-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahvish","family":"Mehraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0696","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0010","series-title":"Netters Internal Medicine","first-page":"443","author":"Runge","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5455\/spatula.20170408044159","article-title":"A review of fatty liver disease and its management in Unani medicine","volume":"6","author":"Naaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"SpatulaDD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0020","series-title":"Sherlock\u2019s disease of the liver and the biliary system","first-page":"540","author":"Doodley","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105465","article-title":"Effect of portulaca oleracea (purslane) extract on inflammatory factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"102","author":"Darvish Damavandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03396-x","article-title":"Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach improves oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats","volume":"21","author":"Amirinejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Complementary Med Ther"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.02.020","article-title":"Effect of soy milk consumption on glycemic status, blood pressure, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Maleki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2015.02.006","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome\u2014position paper of the Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver, Endocrine Society of India, Indian College of Cardiology and Indian Society of Gastroenterology","volume":"5","author":"Duseja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0045","series-title":"Vol","first-page":"1199","article-title":"API textbook of Medicine","author":"Munjal","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5958\/2319-4324.2017.00003.7","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosis, grading and staging; a simplified tool for clinicians","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The Diagnosis and Management of Non- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Practice Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalsani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0060","first-page":"6","article-title":"Epidemiology and Risk Factor of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases in Iran and Worldwide: A Literature Review","volume":"26","author":"Hormati","year":"2021","journal-title":"GOVARESH"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113472","article-title":"Physiopathology of lifestyle interventions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"12","author":"Carneros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0070","first-page":"434","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Shengir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2017.343","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and lifestyle modifications, focusing on physical activity","volume":"33","author":"Kwak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean j Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0080","article-title":"Effect of zanjab\u012bl (zingiber officinale) in non- alcoholic fatty liver disease- a randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Arshia","year":"2020","journal-title":"ijapr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2019.09.08","article-title":"Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases","volume":"5","author":"Mitra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2337\/dsi23-0010","article-title":"Understanding the Burden of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Time for Action","volume":"37","author":"Younossi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes spectrum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1456_17","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with hepatocellular carcinoma: An increasing concern","volume":"149","author":"Dhamija","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Indian journal of medical research"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0100","first-page":"540","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume (D\u0101rch\u012bn\u012b) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A single-blind randomized standard controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Farooq","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12060824","article-title":"NAFLD: Mechanisms, treatments, and biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Nassir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0110","series-title":"Davidsons Principle and Practice of Medicine","first-page":"882","author":"Ralston","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0115","unstructured":"Goldman L. and Schafer AI., Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol 1.26th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. 2020:1009- 1023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0120","series-title":"Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment","first-page":"712","author":"Papadakis","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0125","first-page":"221","article-title":"The association between food insulin index and odds of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults: a case-control study","volume":"14","author":"Fatahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0130","first-page":"2619","volume":"Vol 2","author":"Jamson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harrison\u2019s Principles of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.30699\/jambs.30.143.493","article-title":"Outcome of phlebotomy on improvement of liver enzymes and steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Hormati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0140","unstructured":"Ibn-i-Sina. Al-Qanoon-Fil-Tibb. Urdu translation by Ghulam Husain Kantoori, New Delhi, Idara Kitab al-Shifa. p. 854-866."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0145","first-page":"37","volume":"8","author":"Hakim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hippocratic Journal of Unani Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0150","first-page":"1","article-title":"Therapeutic evaluation of unani coded drug UNIM-104 in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-a preliminary clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Aslam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hippocratic Journal of Unani Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0155","unstructured":"Tabri AHR. Firdousul hikmat. (Translated by H. Md Awwal shah). Idara Kitab-ul- Shifa, New Delhi. 2010; 205- 209."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2019.12.09","article-title":"The Mediterranean diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals at high cardiovascular risk","volume":"9","author":"Rahideh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6972","article-title":"Effect of Portulaca Oleracea (purslane) extract on liver enzymes, lipid profile, and glycemic status in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Darvish Damavandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10215","article-title":"The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of spinach on prevention and treatment of some metabolic and histologic features in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"100","author":"Amirinejad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2018.1479990","article-title":"Ardiyani F Effect of Soy Milk on Metabolic Status of Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"38","author":"Eslami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"issue":"2018","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0180","article-title":"The effects of extra virgin olive oil on alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and ultrasonographic indices of hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients undergoing low calorie diet","volume":"17","author":"Shidfar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2021.100525","article-title":"Effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria) on lipid profile, leptin and steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Ehsani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Herbal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101259","article-title":"The effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) powder supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Kazemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-00898-6","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"36","author":"Francque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1159\/000360511","article-title":"Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"32","author":"Dyson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.61.01.0003","article-title":"Curcuma Zedoaria Rosc, [white turmeric]: A review of its chemical, pharmacological, and ethnomedicinal properties","volume":"61","author":"Lobo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0210","first-page":"60","article-title":"Review on pharmacological and therapeutic profile of zaranbad [curcuma zedoaria rosc]","volume":"9","author":"Kayum","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0215","first-page":"289","article-title":"New Delhi: CCRUM","volume":"2","author":"Standardization of single drugs of Unani Medicine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0220","unstructured":"Ansari YM. Munaf al-Mufaridat. Idara Kitab ul-shifa.2014, jan: 141,181,199."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0225","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Prevalence and Profile of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Adults undergoing master health check-up, A hospital based cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Sangetha","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0230","first-page":"388","article-title":"A clinical comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Liv. 52 DS tablets in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)","volume":"4","author":"Maity","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J PharmRes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173499","article-title":"Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk factors for advanced fibrosis and mortality in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0240","first-page":"106","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Afsanteen (Artemisia absinthium L.) in fatty liver: A randomized single blind controlled study","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy Medicine and Bio-allied Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.7897\/2321-6328.06381","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy of Dawa- ul-kurkum in Su-e- Miz\u0101 j Kabid Barid (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease): a randomised single blind placebo controlled study","volume":"6","author":"Hafeez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Biological and Scientific Opinion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0250","first-page":"1630","volume":"6","author":"Summart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gender differences in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Northeast of Thailand: A population-based cross-sectional study"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0255","article-title":"Epidemiology, natural history, and diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a comparative review with non-alcoholic fatty liver","volume":"13","author":"Kaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Therpeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fatty liver diseases and Unani system of medicine","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Advaces in Pharmacy Medicine and Bioallied Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0265","unstructured":"DAS KV Krishna. Textbook of Medicine. 5th ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers p[ltd] New Delhi, India.2008:496."},{"issue":"154","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0270","first-page":"155","article-title":"Essential oil of the rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc. Native to northeast India","volume":"18","author":"Purkayastha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Essential oil Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.016","article-title":"Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise","volume":"67","author":"Romero-Gomez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0285","unstructured":"Chopra RN, Nayer SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi: NISCAIR; 2002 pp. 85, 101, 180."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.47070\/ijapr.v11i5.2736","article-title":"A comprehensive review of Kachur (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc): A potent herbal drug for various ailments","volume":"11","author":"Chauhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research"}],"container-title":["Arab Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1687197925000048?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1687197925000048?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T23:51:25Z","timestamp":1741823485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1687197925000048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1687197925000048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1979"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1979","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cEvaluation of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver Disease: A Randomized, single blind, controlled trial\u201d","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajg.2025.01.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}