{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:39:53Z","timestamp":1783568393634,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1874,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["294402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["294402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["343603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["343603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Human Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,23]],"date-time":"2008-05-23T04:16:45Z","timestamp":1211516205000},"page":"1262-1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Identification of a Role for the ARHGEF3 Gene in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Ben H.","family":"Mullin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim D.","family":"Spector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Dudbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott G.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090802","article-title":"The diagnosis of osteoporosis","volume":"9","author":"Kanis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S150","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03194362","article-title":"Oestrogen effects on calcium membrane transport: A new view of the inter-relationship between oestrogen deficiency and age-related osteoporosis","volume":"7","author":"Prince","year":"1997","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650101102","article-title":"Bone density determinants in elderly women: A twin study","volume":"10","author":"Flicker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080102","article-title":"Heritable and life-style determinants of bone mineral density","volume":"8","author":"Krall","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.16.1825","article-title":"Genetic liability to fractures in the elderly","volume":"165","author":"Michaelsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113125","article-title":"Genetic determinants of bone mass in adults. A twin study","volume":"80","author":"Pocock","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-11-870","article-title":"Bone mass is low in relatives of osteoporotic patients","volume":"109","author":"Evans","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107476","article-title":"Genetic factors in determining bone mass","volume":"52","author":"Smith","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib9","first-page":"E320","article-title":"Do genetic factors explain associations between muscle strength, lean mass, and bone density? A twin study","volume":"270","author":"Seeman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650100408","article-title":"Determinants of bone mass in 10- to 26-year-old females: A twin study","volume":"10","author":"Young","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5151","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020474","article-title":"A whole-genome linkage scan suggests several genomic regions potentially containing quantitative trait Loci for osteoporosis","volume":"87","author":"Deng","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200169","article-title":"First-stage autosomal genome screen in extended pedigrees suggests genes predisposing to low bone mineral density on chromosomes 1p, 2p and 4q","volume":"6","author":"Devoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.21.2447","article-title":"Variance component linkage analysis indicates a QTL for femoral neck bone mineral density on chromosome 1p36","volume":"10","author":"Devoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.12.2245","article-title":"Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 2p, 4p, and 13q influence bone mineral density of the forearm and hip in Mexican Americans","volume":"18","author":"Kammerer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.9.1718","article-title":"Genome screen for quantitative trait loci contributing to normal variation in bone mineral density: The Framingham Study","volume":"17","author":"Karasik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib16","first-page":"3116","article-title":"Genome screen for QTLs contributing to normal variation in bone mineral density and osteoporosis","volume":"85","author":"Koller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi088","article-title":"Loci for regulation of bone mineral density in men and women identified by genome wide linkage scan: The FAMOS study","volume":"14","author":"Ralston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2004.020396","article-title":"A genome-wide linkage scan for bone mineral density in an extended sample: Evidence for linkage on 11q23 and Xq27","volume":"41","author":"Shen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1086\/345819","article-title":"Comparison of genome screens for two independent cohorts provides replication of suggestive linkage of bone mineral density to 3p21 and 1p36","volume":"72","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-002-2086-2","article-title":"Suggestive linkage of 2p22\u201325 and 11q12\u201313 with low bone mineral density at the lumbar spine in the Irish population","volume":"72","author":"Wynne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060806","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide scans provides evidence for sex- and site-specific regulation of bone mass","volume":"22","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42964","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207401200","article-title":"XPLN, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RhoA and RhoB, but not RhoC","volume":"277","author":"Arthur","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11993","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.16.11993","article-title":"Rho-A is critical for osteoclast podosome organization, motility, and bone resorption","volume":"275","author":"Chellaiah","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050611","article-title":"RhoA and cytoskeletal disruption mediate reduced osteoblastogenesis and enhanced adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in modeled microgravity","volume":"20","author":"Meyers","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.2741\/1254","article-title":"Down-regulation of the GTPase RhoB might be involved in the pre-apoptotic phenotype of osteoarthritic chondrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Gebhard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1086\/503849","article-title":"Cis- and trans-acting gene regulation is associated with osteoarthritis","volume":"78","author":"Mahr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31562","article-title":"Unusually severe expression of craniofacial features in Aarskog-Scott syndrome due to a novel truncating mutation of the FGD1 gene","volume":"143","author":"Orrico","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.12.1299","article-title":"The association between osteoarthritis and osteoporotic fracture: The Chingford Study","volume":"35","author":"Arden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib29","first-page":"331","article-title":"The relationship of obesity, fat distribution and osteoarthritis in women in the general population: The Chingford Study","volume":"20","author":"Hart","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050211","article-title":"Family history of appendicular fracture and risk of osteoporosis: A population-based study","volume":"10","author":"Keen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90430-2","article-title":"Purification of human genomic DNA from whole blood using sodium perchlorate in place of phenol","volume":"180","author":"Johns","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib32","unstructured":"Illumina (2004) Golden Gate Assay: Technical Specifications and Operation. Illumina Technical Bulletin Pub. No. 370\u20132004\u2013006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-004-0291-x","article-title":"Klotho gene polymorphisms are associated with osteocalcin levels but not bone density of aged postmenopausal women","volume":"77","author":"Mullin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1105436","article-title":"Whole-genome patterns of common DNA variation in three human populations","volume":"307","author":"Hinds","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2272(2000)19:1+<::AID-GEPI6>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Implementing a unified approach to family-based tests of association","volume":"19","author":"Laird","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.10252","article-title":"Pedigree disequilibrium tests for multilocus haplotypes","volume":"25","author":"Dudbridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-60","article-title":"JLIN: A java based linkage disequilibrium plotter","volume":"7","author":"Carter","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.2.182","article-title":"GOLD\u2013graphical overview of linkage disequilibrium","volume":"16","author":"Abecasis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7041.1254","article-title":"Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"312","author":"Marshall","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/19.1.149","article-title":"Genetic Power Calculator: Design of linkage and association genetic mapping studies of complex traits","volume":"19","author":"Purcell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1003302","article-title":"Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases: Turning on the switch","volume":"16","author":"Schmidt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1587","article-title":"GEF means go: Turning on RHO GTPases with guanine nucleotide-exchange factors","volume":"6","author":"Rossman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(04)00075-9","article-title":"Cell shape, cytoskeletal tension, and RhoA regulate stem cell lineage commitment","volume":"6","author":"McBeath","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(88)90106-8","article-title":"Osteoclastic bone resorption: In vitro analysis of the rate of resorption and migration of individual osteoclasts","volume":"9","author":"Kanehisa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.104.3.663","article-title":"Spatial organization of microfilaments and vitronectin receptor, alpha v beta 3, in osteoclasts. A study using confocal laser scanning microscopy","volume":"104","author":"Lakkakorpi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060806","article-title":"Kinetics of the osteoclast cytoskeleton during the resorption cycle in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Lakkakorpi","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19960201)33:2<171::AID-JEMT7>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Cytoskeletal changes in osteoclasts during the resorption cycle","volume":"33","author":"Lakkakorpi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib48","first-page":"711","article-title":"Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate mechanism of action","volume":"4","author":"Reszka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600925","article-title":"New insights into the actions of bisphosphonate zoledronic acid in breast cancer cells by dual RhoA-dependent and -independent effects","volume":"88","author":"Denoyelle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28084","article-title":"Glucocorticoids suppress bone formation via the osteoclast","volume":"116","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28551","article-title":"Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling","volume":"116","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002929708003042?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002929708003042?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:16:01Z","timestamp":1762078561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002929708003042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002929708003042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9297","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identification of a Role for the ARHGEF3 Gene in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Human Genetics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}