{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:17:38Z","timestamp":1792113458183,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG076482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG076482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01NS112499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01NS112499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS132437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS132437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000864","name":"Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ASAP-GP2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASAP-GP2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015659","name":"Cure Parkinson's Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018231","name":"Aligning Science Across Parkinson's","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018231","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011707","name":"PSP Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008487","name":"Cure Parkinson's Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008487","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000304","name":"Parkinson's UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013301","name":"Parkinson's Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006309","name":"American Parkinson Disease Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006309","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Human Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T14:48:03Z","timestamp":1755614883000},"page":"1988-2000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Tackling a disease on a global scale, the Global Parkinson\u2019s Genetics Program, GP2: A new generation of opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Cornelis","family":"Blauwendraat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair J.","family":"Noyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio F.","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel A.","family":"Screven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Solle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonya B.","family":"Dumanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekemini A.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Peri\u00f1an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Njideka","family":"Okubadejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huw R.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.6.745","article-title":"The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"Gibb","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27431","article-title":"Movement disorder society criteria for clinically established early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Berg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2401857","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"391","author":"Tanner","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00729-8","article-title":"Genome-wide determinants of mortality and motor progression in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Parkinson's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac414","article-title":"Association between the LRP1B and APOE loci and the development of Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia","volume":"146","author":"Real","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28932","article-title":"GBA and APOE impact cognitive decline in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A 10-year population-based study","volume":"37","author":"Szwedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00037","article-title":"Exploring Braak\u2019s hypothesis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"8","author":"Rietdijk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.03.021","article-title":"Cognitive heterogeneity in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A mechanistic view","volume":"111","author":"Carceles-Cordon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1608","article-title":"Pathologic accumulation of \u03b1-synuclein and A\u03b2 in Parkinson disease patients with dementia","volume":"69","author":"Kotzbauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51482","article-title":"Quantifying regional \u03b1 -synuclein, amyloid \u03b2, and tau accumulation in lewy body dementia","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib14","first-page":"1234","article-title":"Neuropathology of dementia in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review of autopsy studies","volume":"90","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlad025","article-title":"Low clinical sensitivity and unexpectedly high incidence for neuropathologically diagnosed progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"82","author":"Driver-Dunckley","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4547","article-title":"Development of a biochemical diagnosis of Parkinson disease by detection of \u03b1-synuclein misfolded aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"74","author":"Shahnawaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.338","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC in the CSF of patients with alpha-synucleinopathies","volume":"3","author":"Fairfoul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0508-2","article-title":"Rapid and ultra-sensitive quantitation of disease-associated \u03b1-synuclein seeds in brain and cerebrospinal fluid by \u03b1Syn RT-QuIC","volume":"6","author":"Groveman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00109-6","article-title":"Assessment of heterogeneity among participants in the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative cohort using \u03b1-synuclein seed amplification: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Siderowf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab431","article-title":"Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed quantification in synucleinopathies","volume":"145","author":"Poggiolini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01276-6","article-title":"Association between CSF alpha-synuclein seeding activity and genetic status in Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"9","author":"Brockmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00405-2","article-title":"A biological definition of neuronal \u03b1-synuclein disease: towards an integrated staging system for research","volume":"23","author":"Simuni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00404-0","article-title":"A biological classification of Parkinson\u2019s disease: the SynNeurGe research diagnostic criteria","volume":"23","author":"H\u00f6glinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg068","article-title":"Incidence of Parkinson\u2019s disease: variation by age, gender, and race\/ethnicity","volume":"157","author":"Van Den Eeden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13584","article-title":"Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"Zirra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib26","article-title":"Genetics of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: From Causes to Treatment","volume":"15","author":"Westenberger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00283-1","article-title":"Identification of genetic risk loci and causal insights associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease in African and African admixed populations: a genome-wide association study","volume":"22","author":"Rizig","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01584-8","article-title":"Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30320-5","article-title":"Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies","volume":"18","author":"Nalls","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27527","article-title":"Genotype-phenotype relations for the Parkinson\u2019s disease genes SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35: MDSGene systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Trinh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70117-0","article-title":"Phenotype, genotype, and worldwide genetic penetrance of LRRK2-associated Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Healy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27352","article-title":"Genotype-Phenotype Relations for the Parkinson\u2019s Disease Genes Parkin, PINK1, DJ1: MDSGene Systematic Review","volume":"33","author":"Kasten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00677-3","article-title":"Genotype-phenotype correlation in PRKN-associated Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Menon","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Parkinson's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29288","article-title":"Embracing Monogenic Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The MJFF Global Genetic PD Cohort","volume":"38","author":"Vollstedt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae188","article-title":"Relevance of genetic testing in the gene-targeted trial era: the Rostock Parkinson\u2019s disease study","volume":"147","author":"Westenberger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae142","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease variant detection and disclosure: PD GENEration, a North American study","volume":"147","author":"Cook","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib37","article-title":"Variants cause a phenotypic spectrum from early-onset Parkinson\u2019s disease to perinatal lethality by disrupting mitochondrial pathways","author":"Magrinelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib38","article-title":"The Association between LRRK2 G2385R and Phenotype of Parkinson's Disease in Asian Population: A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies","volume":"2018","author":"Di","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib39","article-title":"Genetic Analysis of LRRK2 R1628P in Parkinson's Disease in Asian Populations","volume":"2017","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00999-z","article-title":"Gaucher disease provides a unique window into Parkinson disease pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Hertz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033277","article-title":"Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene and Parkinson\u2019s disease in Ashkenazi Jews","volume":"351","author":"Aharon-Peretz","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.9.691","article-title":"Occurrence of Parkinson\u2019s syndrome in type I Gaucher disease","volume":"89","author":"Neudorfer","year":"1996","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000072482.70963.D7","article-title":"Gaucher\u2019s disease with Parkinson's disease: clinical and pathological aspects","volume":"61","author":"Bembi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0428","article-title":"Identification of Risk Loci for Parkinson Disease in Asians and Comparison of Risk Between Asians and Europeans: A Genome-Wide Association Study","volume":"77","author":"Foo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib45","article-title":"Novel Parkinson\u2019s disease genetic risk factors within and across European populations","author":"Leonard","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib46","article-title":"Deciphering the genetic architecture of Parkinson\u2019s disease in India","author":"Kishore","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R158","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr358","article-title":"A generalizable hypothesis for the genetic architecture of disease: pleomorphic risk loci","volume":"20","author":"Singleton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07316-0","article-title":"Refining the impact of genetic evidence on clinical success","volume":"629","author":"Minikel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05275-y","article-title":"A saturated map of common genetic variants associated with human height","volume":"610","author":"Yengo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30287-X","article-title":"The genetic architecture of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Blauwendraat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.487","article-title":"Genome-wide association study reveals genetic risk underlying Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Sim\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.485","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies common variants at four loci as genetic risk factors for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Satake","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-024-01423-2","article-title":"African ancestry neurodegeneration risk variant disrupts an intronic branchpoint in GBA1","volume":"31","author":"\u00c1lvarez Jerez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00178-7","article-title":"Diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease on the basis of clinical and genetic classification: a population-based modelling study","volume":"14","author":"Nalls","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323646","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease determinants, prediction and gene-environment interactions in the UK Biobank","volume":"91","author":"Jacobs","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00288-w","article-title":"Multi-modality machine learning predicting Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Makarious","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Parkinson's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz136","article-title":"Functionalization of the TMEM175 p.M393T variant as a risk factor for Parkinson disease","volume":"28","author":"Jinn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03185-z","article-title":"A growth-factor-activated lysosomal K+ channel regulates Parkinson\u2019s pathology","volume":"591","author":"Wie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.04.004","article-title":"SLC7A11 is an unconventional H+ transporter in lysosomes","volume":"188","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.70008","article-title":"Unraveling pH regulation of TMEM175, an endolysosomal cation channel with a role in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"240","author":"Schulze","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.01.014","article-title":"Loss of VPS13C Function in Autosomal-Recessive Parkinsonism Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increases PINK1\/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy","volume":"98","author":"Lesage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00456-6","article-title":"Genome-wide association study using whole-genome sequencing identifies risk loci for Parkinson\u2019s disease in Chinese population","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Parkinson's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.10.023","article-title":"Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Pais\u00e1n-Ru\u00edz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.11.005","article-title":"Mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal-dominant parkinsonism with pleomorphic pathology","volume":"44","author":"Zimprich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090278","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"302","author":"Singleton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2045","article-title":"Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"276","author":"Polymeropoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0901281","article-title":"Multicenter analysis of glucocerebrosidase mutations in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"361","author":"Sidransky","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3314","article-title":"The support of human genetic evidence for approved drug indications","volume":"47","author":"Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27974","article-title":"Penetrance of Parkinson\u2019s Disease in LRRK2 p.G2019S Carriers Is Modified by a Polygenic Risk Score","volume":"35","author":"Iwaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz350","article-title":"Genetic modifiers of risk and age at onset in GBA associated Parkinson\u2019s disease and Lewy body dementia","volume":"143","author":"Blauwendraat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00573-2","article-title":"Genetic meta-analysis of levodopa induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Martinez-Carrasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Parkinson's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000200092","article-title":"Genome-wide Analysis of Motor Progression in Parkinson Disease","volume":"9","author":"Mart\u00ednez Carrasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae073","article-title":"Genetic analysis and natural history of Parkinson\u2019s disease due to the LRRK2 G2019S variant","volume":"147","author":"Kmiecik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27659","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease age at onset genome-wide association study: Defining heritability, genetic loci, and \u03b1-synuclein mechanisms","volume":"34","author":"Blauwendraat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00847-6","article-title":"Genome-wide survival study identifies a novel synaptic locus and polygenic score for cognitive progression in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28494","article-title":"GP2: The Global Parkinson\u2019s Genetics Program","volume":"36","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00533-w","article-title":"Defining the causes of sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease in the global Parkinson's genetics program (GP2)","volume":"9","author":"Towns","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Parkinson's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29925","article-title":"Team Science Approaches to Unravel Monogenic Parkinson\u2019s Disease on a Global Scale","volume":"39","author":"Junker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib79","unstructured":"Leonard, H., Nalls, M., Vitale, D., Koretsky, M., Levine, K., Makarious, M., Fang, Z.-H., Jones, L., and Solle, J. (2024). Global Parkinson\u2019s Genetics Program data release 8 (Zenodo)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29719","article-title":"Is SH3GL2 p.G276V the Causal Functional Variant Underlying Parkinson\u2019s Disease Risk at this Locus?","volume":"39","author":"L\u00e1zaro-Figueroa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00744-9","article-title":"Lack of genetic evidence for NLRP3 inflammasome involvement in Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Senkevich","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Parkinson's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29892","article-title":"Investigating the Protective Role of the Mitochondrial 2158 T > C Variant in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"39","author":"Ak\u00e7imen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00472-6","article-title":"The IPDGC\/GP2 Hackathon - an open science event for training in data science, genomics, and collaboration using Parkinson\u2019s disease data","volume":"9","author":"Leonard","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Parkinson's Dis."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002929725002848?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002929725002848?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:32:56Z","timestamp":1772807576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002929725002848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002929725002848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9297","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tackling a disease on a global scale, the Global Parkinson\u2019s Genetics Program, GP2: A new generation of opportunities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Human Genetics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society of Human Genetics.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}