{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T14:19:13Z","timestamp":1768054753081,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajicjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,12]],"date-time":"2006-06-12T17:01:05Z","timestamp":1150131665000},"page":"31-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Comparative efficacy of ethanol and isopropanol against feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yashpal S.","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Maherchandani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sagar M.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1086\/314525","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Norwalk like viruses in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States","volume":"178","author":"Fankhauser","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1086\/647371","article-title":"Selected aspects of the socioeconomic impact of nosocomial infections: morbidity, mortality, cost and prevention","volume":"17","author":"Jarvis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib3","first-page":"41","article-title":"Norovirus activity-United States","volume":"52","author":"CDC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib4","first-page":"1112","article-title":"Outbreaks of gastroenteritis with noroviruses on cruise ships in the Unites States","volume":"51","author":"CDC","year":"2002","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.50.2.261-264.1985","article-title":"Inactivation of Inactivation of Norwalk viruses in drinking water by chlorine","volume":"50","author":"Keswick","year":"1985","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(99)90037-3","article-title":"Inactivation of feline calicivirus, a Norwalk virus surrogate","volume":"41","author":"Doultree","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.1.98","article-title":"Possible transmission by fomites of respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"141","author":"Hall","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.8.1513-1518.1988","article-title":"Rotavirus survival on human hands and transfer of infectious virus to animate and inanimate surfaces","volume":"26","author":"Ansari","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.10.3704-3710.1994","article-title":"Survival of enteric viruses on environmental fomites","volume":"60","author":"Abad","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib10","first-page":"153","article-title":"The role of human calicivruses in epidemic gastroenteritis","volume":"S13","author":"Green","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/341085","article-title":"Epidemiologic molecular trends of \u201cNorwalk-like viruses\u201d associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States","volume":"186","author":"Fankhauser","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5782","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.10.5782-5786.2003","article-title":"Detection, quantification, and phylogentic analysis of noroviruses in Japanese oysters","volume":"69","author":"Nishida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib13","first-page":"R101","article-title":"Outbreaks of small round structured virus gastroenteritis arose after kitchen assistant vomited","volume":"7","author":"Patterson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Commun Dis Rep Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7190.1046","article-title":"Study of infectious intestinal disease in England: rates in the community, presenting to general practice and reported to national surveillance","volume":"318","author":"Wheeler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3601","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.11.3601-3604.1990","article-title":"Chemical disinfection of hepatitis A virus on environmental surfaces","volume":"56","author":"Mbithi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899003805","article-title":"Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) in a hotel restaurant","volume":"124","author":"Marks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1086\/315583","article-title":"The impact of food borne calicivirus disease: the Minnesota experience","volume":"181","author":"Deneen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1086\/315365","article-title":"A food borne outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses: first molecular track back to deli sandwiches contaminated during preparation","volume":"181","author":"Daniel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S249","DOI":"10.1086\/315594","article-title":"Introduction: human enteric calicivirus an emerging pathogen whose time has come","volume":"181","author":"Monroe","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.1.213-218.2000","article-title":"Developments of methods to detect Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) and hepatitis A virus in delicacious food: application to a food borne NLV outbreak","volume":"66","author":"Schwab","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898001290","article-title":"Feline calicivirus as a model system for heat inactivation studies of small round structure viruses in shellfish","volume":"121","author":"Slomka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-64.9.1430","article-title":"Efficacy of commonly used disinfectants for the inactivation of calicivirus on strawberry, lettuce and a food contact surface","volume":"64","author":"Gulati","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-65.6.999","article-title":"Concentration and detection of caliciviruses from food contact surfaces","volume":"6","author":"Taku","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(02)00214-8","article-title":"A feline kidney cell line based plaque assay for feline calicivirus, a surrogate for Norwalk virus","volume":"107","author":"Bidawid","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2003.08.019","article-title":"Inactivation of feline calicivirus, a surrogate of norovirus (formerly Norwalk-like viruses) by different types of alcohol in vitro and in vivo","volume":"56","author":"Gerkhe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.12.005","article-title":"Efficacy of three ethanol-based hand rubs against feline calicivirus, a surrogate for norovirus","volume":"60","author":"Kampf","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib27","series-title":"Surfactant biodegradation","author":"Swisher","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.6.1895","article-title":"Persistent asthma after inhalation of a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and hydrochloric acid","volume":"105","author":"Deschamps","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003\/erj.9.7.1407","article-title":"Disinfectant use as a risk factor for atropic sensitization and symptoms consistent with asthma: an epidemiological study","volume":"9","author":"Preller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/000155598443060","article-title":"Contact allergies in healthcare workers: results from the IVDK","volume":"78","author":"Schnuch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200000162","article-title":"Quaternary ammonium compounds and occupational asthma","volume":"73","author":"Purohit","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4538","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.8.4538-4543.2004","article-title":"Inactivation of caliciviruses","volume":"70","author":"Duizer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib33","series-title":"Handbook of disinfectants and antiseptics","first-page":"177","article-title":"Alcohols for antisepsis of hands and skin","author":"Rotter","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1086\/501796","article-title":"Activity of an alcohol-based gel against human adeno, rino and rotaviruses using finger pad method","volume":"21","author":"Sattar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(01)90004-0","article-title":"Arguments for alcoholic hand disinfection","volume":"48","author":"Rotter","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib36","series-title":"Sanitation, disinfection and sterilization","first-page":"229","article-title":"Alcohols","author":"Ali","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1017\/S002217240005378X","article-title":"The relative effectiveness of commonly used disinfectants in inactivation of echovirus 11","volume":"81","author":"Drulak","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib38","first-page":"31","article-title":"The effectiveness of six disinfectants in inactivation of reovirus 3","volume":"41","author":"Drulak","year":"1984","journal-title":"Microbios"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80238-0","article-title":"Experiments on antiviral activity of hand disinfectant: some theoretical and practical considerations","volume":"273","author":"Egger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Zentrabl Bakteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400064445","article-title":"Chemical disinfection of human rotavirus contaminated inanimate surfaces","volume":"97","author":"Llyod-Evans","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Hyg Camb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800030211","article-title":"Chemical disinfection of non-porous inanimate surfaces experimentally contaminated with human rotaviruses","volume":"102","author":"Sattar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6677.862","article-title":"Chemical inactivation of HIV on surfaces","volume":"298","author":"Hanson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(97)00410-2","article-title":"Disinfection of human enteric viruses on fomites","volume":"156","author":"Abad","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2000.0850","article-title":"Virucidal efficacy of a combination of 0.2% peracetic acid and 80% (v\/v) ethanol (PAA-ethanol) as a potential hand disinfectant","volume":"46","author":"Wutzler","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1211","article-title":"The virucidal spectrum of a high concentration alcohol mixture","volume":"51","author":"van Engelenburg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(95)90312-7","article-title":"Susceptibility of HIV to inactivation by disinfectants and ultraviolet light","volume":"30","author":"Druce","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5707","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.9.5707-5710.2003","article-title":"Survival of F-specific RNA coliphage, feline calicivirus, and Escherichia coli in water: a comparative study","volume":"69","author":"Alwood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib48","first-page":"493","article-title":"Simple method for estimating fifty percent end points","volume":"27","author":"Reed","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMhpr020557","article-title":"Infection control--a problem for patient safety","volume":"348","author":"Burke","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1086\/502021","article-title":"How many nosocomial infections are associated with cross-transmission: a prospective cohort study in a surgical intensive care unit","volume":"23","author":"Weist","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib51","first-page":"243","article-title":"Rapid response and strict control measures can contain a hospital outbreak of Norwalk like virus","volume":"5","author":"McCall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Commun Dis Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1939.01200090135010","article-title":"Ethyl alcohol as a germicide","volume":"38","author":"Price","year":"1939","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib53","series-title":"Disinfection, sterilization and preservation","first-page":"191","article-title":"Alcohols","author":"Larson","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib54","series-title":"Handbook of disinfectants and antiseptics","first-page":"177","article-title":"Alcohols for antisepsis of hands and skin","author":"Rotter","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70295-6","article-title":"Hand hygiene and patient care: pursuing the Semmelweis legacy","volume":"1","author":"Pittet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib56","series-title":"Handehygeine im Gesundheitswesen","first-page":"71","article-title":"Wrikstoffe","author":"Rudolf","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib57","first-page":"544","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of the effects of disinfectants against viruses in suspension experiments","volume":"179","author":"Moldenhauer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Zentrabl Bakteriol Microbiol Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(90)90090-B","article-title":"Virucidal activity of disinfectants: studies with a poliovirus","volume":"15","author":"Tyler","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655305005778?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655305005778?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T05:28:37Z","timestamp":1759296517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196655305005778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196655305005778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-6553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-6553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative efficacy of ethanol and isopropanol against feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Infection Control","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.05.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}