{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:36:15Z","timestamp":1772804175112,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajicjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T10:16:12Z","timestamp":1363688172000},"page":"e39-e43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Trend of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia in an institution with a high rate of MRSA after the reinforcement of antibiotic stewardship and hand hygiene"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Yong Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Hyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Je Eun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Young","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oh Mee","family":"Kweon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongsuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun Bean","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye-won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Jin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nam Su","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Hoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Suk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongeun","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Goo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June Myung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun Yong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2004.10.001","article-title":"National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004","volume":"32","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000176221.33237.67","article-title":"Does immune reconstitution syndrome promote active tuberculosis in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy?","volume":"19","author":"Breen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1312.070629","article-title":"Hospitalizations and deaths caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 1999-2005","volume":"13","author":"Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007474","article-title":"Veterans Affairs initiative to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections","volume":"364","author":"Jain","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr561","article-title":"Mandatory surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia in England: the first 10 years","volume":"67","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1115","article-title":"Health care-associated invasive MRSA infections, 2005-2008","volume":"304","author":"Kallen","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0902.020233","article-title":"Elimination of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a university hospital and district institutions, Finland","volume":"9","author":"Kotilainen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0811-4","article-title":"Costs associated with a strict policy to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Dutch University Medical Center: a 10-year survey","volume":"21","author":"Vriens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1086\/507636","article-title":"Impact of routine intensive care unit surveillance cultures and resultant barrier precautions on hospital-wide methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1086\/599019","article-title":"Hospital-wide methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus control program: a 5-year follow-up","volume":"30","author":"Chowers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00003","article-title":"Universal surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 3 affiliated hospitals","volume":"148","author":"Robicsek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000797","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000797","article-title":"Trends in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and impacts of infection control practices including universal MRSA admission screening in a hospital in Scotland, 2006-2010: retrospective cohort study and time-series intervention analysis","volume":"2","author":"Lawes","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23001","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023001","article-title":"Successful control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in endemic neonatal intensive care units: a 7-year campaign","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1998.39.6.569","article-title":"Korean nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in 1997","volume":"39","author":"Chong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2000.41.4.497","article-title":"Korean nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in 1998","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.4.1124-1127.2004","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro activities of 28 antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from tertiary-care hospitals in Korea: a nationwide survey","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib17","first-page":"S7","article-title":"The nationwide surveillance system of nosocomial infection in Intensive care units","volume":"16","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Nosocomial Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02814-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme","volume":"356","author":"Pittet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1997.01430360066012","article-title":"Influences of type and duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis on an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and on the incidence of wound infection","volume":"132","author":"Fukatsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm416","article-title":"Does antibiotic exposure increase the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolation? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib21","series-title":"WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: first global patient safety challenge: clean care is safer care","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib22","series-title":"ATC\/DDD Index 2012","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib23","series-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: twenty-first informational supplement. M100\u2013S22","author":"Cockerill","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-10-200211190-00007","article-title":"Health care-associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections","volume":"137","author":"Friedman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.7.992","article-title":"Bloodstream infections and clinical significance of healthcare-associated bacteremia: a multicenter surveillance study in Korean hospitals","volume":"25","author":"Son","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(97)90037-7","article-title":"Definitions of key terms used in the NNIS System","volume":"25","author":"Horan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002","article-title":"CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting","volume":"36","author":"Horan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S171","DOI":"10.1086\/519473","article-title":"Epidemiology of staphylococcal resistance","volume":"45","author":"Shorr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1086\/317484","article-title":"Risk factors for persistent carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"31","author":"Harbarth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030284","article-title":"Fluoroquinolones and the risk for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitalized patients","volume":"9","author":"Weber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3005","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3005","article-title":"Evaluation of the national Cleanyourhands campaign to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and Clostridium difficile infection in hospitals in England and Wales by improved hand hygiene: four year, prospective, ecological, interrupted time series study","volume":"344","author":"Stone","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb07151.x","article-title":"Efficacy of an alcohol\/chlorhexidine hand hygiene program in a hospital with high rates of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection","volume":"183","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med J Aust"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655313001053?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655313001053?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T05:39:04Z","timestamp":1759297144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196655313001053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196655313001053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-6553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-6553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trend of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia in an institution with a high rate of MRSA after the reinforcement of antibiotic stewardship and hand hygiene","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Infection Control","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}