{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:53:12Z","timestamp":1792291992053,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 CI000614-01 to C.J.D."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CI000614-01 to C.J.D."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajicjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T21:33:42Z","timestamp":1551821622000},"page":"869-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Impact of syndrome-specific antimicrobial stewardship interventions on use of and resistance to fluoroquinolones: An interrupted time series analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Michelle T.","family":"Hecker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea H.","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina Naeger","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay K.","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigid M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis J.","family":"Donskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-018-0615-z","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone restriction as an effective antimicrobial stewardship intervention","volume":"20","author":"Claeys","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.7.885","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacilli in US intensive care units","volume":"289","author":"Neuhauser","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0514-y","article-title":"The impact of antibiotic stewardship programs in combating quinolone resistance: a systematic review and recommendations for more efficient interventions","volume":"34","author":"Pitiriga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1086\/522654","article-title":"Control of an outbreak of infection with the hypervirulent Clostridium difficile BI strain in a university hospital using a comprehensive \u201cbundle\u201d approach","volume":"45","author":"Muto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1086\/595694","article-title":"Complete restriction of fluoroquinolone use to control an outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"30","author":"Kallen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30397-8","article-title":"Effect of a national 4C antibiotic stewardship intervention on the clinical and molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections in a region of Scotland: a non-linear time-series analysis","volume":"17","author":"Lawes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.05.013","article-title":"Effects of fluoroquinolone restriction (from 2007 to 2012) on Clostridium difficile infections: interrupted time-series analysis","volume":"91","author":"Sarma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30514-X","article-title":"Effects of control interventions on Clostridium difficile infection in England: an observational study","volume":"17","author":"Dingle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30052-X","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone restriction to control fluoroquinolone-resistant Clostridium difficile","volume":"17","author":"Donskey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00125-17","article-title":"Effect of a health care system respiratory fluoroquinolone restriction program to alter utilization and impact rates of Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"61","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw118","article-title":"Implementing an antibiotic stewardship program: guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","volume":"62","author":"Barlam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw186","article-title":"Effects of a syndrome-specific antibiotic stewardship intervention for inpatient community-acquired pneumonia","author":"Haas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1086\/661107","article-title":"Incidence of catheter-associated and non-catheter-associated urinary tract infections in a healthcare system","volume":"32","author":"Weber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0014","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\/National Center for Health Statistics. National Hospital Discharge Survey. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhds\/nhds_tables.htm#number Accessed January 1, 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.12923","article-title":"Prevalence of antimicrobial use in US acute care hospitals, May\u2013September 2011","volume":"312","author":"Magill","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4151","article-title":"Prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions among US ambulatory care visits, 2010-2011","volume":"315","author":"Fleming-Dutra","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00009-7","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing for cystitis: how well does it match published guidelines?","volume":"13","author":"McEwen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-187","article-title":"Unnecessary use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in hospitalized patients","volume":"11","author":"Werner","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87899","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087899","article-title":"Effect of a stewardship intervention on adherence to uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis guidelines in an emergency department setting","volume":"9","author":"Hecker","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.81a.14038","article-title":"Q: Is antibiotic treatment indicated in a patient with a positive urine culture but no symptoms?","volume":"81","author":"Hecker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5020038","article-title":"The paradigm shift to non-treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria","volume":"5","author":"Nicolle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1086\/522183","article-title":"Reducing antibiotic overuse: a call for a national performance measure for not treating asymptomatic bacteriuria","volume":"45","author":"Gross","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.8.972","article-title":"Unnecessary use of antimicrobials in hospitalized patients: current patterns of misuse with an emphasis on the antianaerobic spectrum of activity","volume":"163","author":"Hecker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.11.007","article-title":"Sustained reduction in inappropriate treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in a long-term care facility through an educational intervention","volume":"36","author":"Zabarsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.119","article-title":"Evaluating a hospitalist-based intervention to decrease unnecessary antimicrobial use in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria","volume":"37","author":"Hartley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.1878","article-title":"Effectiveness of an antimicrobial stewardship approach for urinary catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria","volume":"175","author":"Trautner","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"171","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2012.11.002","article-title":"Is the present definition of health care-associated pneumonia the best way to define risk of infection with antibiotic-resistant pathogens?","volume":"27","author":"Yap","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit734","article-title":"Healthcare-associated pneumonia does not accurately identify potentially resistant pathogens: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Chalmers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv338","article-title":"Antimicrobial de-escalation of treatment for healthcare associated pneumonia within the Veterans Healthcare Administration","volume":"71","author":"Madaras-Kelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1086\/427507","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults","volume":"40","author":"Nicolle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq257","article-title":"International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"52","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1086\/650482","article-title":"Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 international clinical practice guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","author":"Hooton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl)","key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.009","article-title":"Critical review of current definitions of urinary tract infections and proposal of an EAU\/ESIU classification system","volume":"38(","author":"Johansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"Suppl 1)","key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.Supplement_1.S216","article-title":"Evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of UTI. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Food and Drug Administration","volume":"15(","author":"Rubin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy149","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults and children: 2017 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)","volume":"66","author":"McDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1086\/521854","article-title":"Asymptomatic carriers are a potential source for transmission of epidemic and nonepidemic Clostridium difficile strains among long-term care facility residents","volume":"45","author":"Riggs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.76","article-title":"A multicenter randomized trial to determine the effect of an environmental disinfection intervention on the incidence of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"38","author":"Ray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.14.1270","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance\u2013Squeezing the balloon?","volume":"280","author":"Burke","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02130-8","article-title":"The rise and fall of antimirobial resistance","volume":"9","author":"Lipsitch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.07.016","article-title":"Impact of restricting fluoroquinolone prescription on bacterial resistance in an intensive care unit","volume":"59","author":"Aubert","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655319300689?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655319300689?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T05:51:35Z","timestamp":1759297895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196655319300689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196655319300689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-6553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-6553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of syndrome-specific antimicrobial stewardship interventions on use of and resistance to fluoroquinolones: An interrupted time series analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Infection Control","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.01.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}