{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:16:15Z","timestamp":1793834175233,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajicjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T03:29:09Z","timestamp":1616556549000},"page":"1165-1176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Are saliva and deep throat sputum as reliable as common respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection? A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kazem","family":"Khiabani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hosein","family":"Amirzade-Iranaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0001","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard 2020. Available at: https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/. Accessed March 12, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0002","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim guidelines for collecting, handling, and testing clinical specimens for COVID-19 2020. Available at:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/lab\/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html. Accessed March 12, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19054","DOI":"10.2196\/19054","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies in diverse samples: protocol to validate the sufficiency of provider-observed, home-collected blood, saliva, and oropharyngeal samples","volume":"6","author":"Sullivan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0004","first-page":"e7708","article-title":"A review of salivary diagnostics and its potential implication in detection of Covid-19","volume":"12","author":"Santosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2015897","article-title":"False negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection\u2014challenges and implications","volume":"383","author":"Woloshin","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072225","article-title":"Human saliva: Non-invasive fluid for detecting novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)","volume":"17","author":"Khurshid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0007","first-page":"21","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis of the accuracy of diagnostic tests for COVID-19","volume":"49","author":"B\u00f6ger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J InfectControl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102903","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 detection in different respiratory sites: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00465","article-title":"Saliva as a candidate for COVID-19 diagnostic testing: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Czumbel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0010","article-title":"RT-qPCR assays based on saliva rather than on nasopharyngeal swabs are possible but should be interpreted with caution: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Ricc\u00f2","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7306.224","article-title":"Systematic reviews of evaluations of prognostic variables","volume":"323","author":"Altman","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00776-20","article-title":"Saliva as a non-invasive specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"58","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2016359","article-title":"Saliva is more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 detection in COVID-19 patients than nasopharyngeal swabs","volume":"383","author":"Wyllie","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.005","article-title":"Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2","volume":"81","author":"Azzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa848","article-title":"Sensitivity of nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"72","author":"Jamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0018","article-title":"EasyCOV: LAMP based rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva","author":"L'Helgouach","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0019","first-page":"147","article-title":"Comparisons of viral shedding time of SARS-CoV-2 of different samples in ICU and non-ICU patients","volume":"81","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa711","article-title":"The natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"71","author":"Chau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104469","article-title":"Rapid implementation and validation of a cold-chain free SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing workflow to support surge capacity","author":"Bosworth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01659-20","article-title":"Saliva sampling and its direct lysis, an excellent option to increase the number of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests in settings with supply shortages","volume":"58","author":"Moreno-Contreras","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.071","article-title":"Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swab and saliva","volume":"81","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0024","article-title":"Saliva sample as a non-invasive specimen for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): a cross-sectional study","volume":"27","author":"Pasomsub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0025","article-title":"Saliva is less sensitive than nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 detection in the community setting","author":"Becker","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.059","article-title":"Viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from infected patients","volume":"81","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01109-20","article-title":"Saliva as an alternate specimen source for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients using Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2","volume":"58","author":"McCormick-Baw","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0028","article-title":"Evaluation of symptomatic patient saliva as a sample type for the Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 assay","author":"SoRelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0029","article-title":"Saliva offers a sensitive, specific and non-invasive alternative to upper respiratory swabs for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis","author":"Byrne","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen L, Zhao J, Peng J, et al. Detection of 2019-nCoV in saliva and characterization of oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Cell Prolif. 2020;53:e12923.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3557140"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa068","article-title":"Clinical utility of buccal swabs for Sars-Cov-2 detection in Covid-19-infected children","volume":"9","author":"Kam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e195","article-title":"Clinical significance of a high SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva","volume":"35","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1775133","article-title":"Evaluating the use of posterior oropharyngeal saliva in a point-of-care assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa149","article-title":"Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva","volume":"71","author":"To","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30196-1","article-title":"Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study","volume":"20","author":"To","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0036","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0037","series-title":"The Innovation","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis and monitoring the viral shedding of 2019-nCoV infections","author":"Yang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa487","article-title":"Prospective study comparing deep throat saliva with other respiratory tract specimens in the diagnosis of novel coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"222","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sally Cheuk Ying Wong, Herman Tse, Hon Kei Siu, et al. Posterior oropharyngeal saliva for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:2939-2946.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa797"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0187","article-title":"Comparison of throat swabs and sputum specimens for viral nucleic acid detection in 52 cases of novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19)","volume":"58","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med (CCLM)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa345","article-title":"Quantitative detection and viral load analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients","volume":"71","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0042","article-title":"Self-collected oral fluid and nasal swabs demonstrate comparable sensitivity to clinician collected nasopharyngeal swabs for covid-19 detection","author":"Kojima","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa416","article-title":"Effect of throat washings on detection of 2019 novel coronavirus","volume":"71","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30113-4","article-title":"Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples","volume":"20","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02893-8","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 viral load in sputum correlates with risk of COVID-19 progression","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x","article-title":"Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019","volume":"581","author":"W\u00f6lfel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0047","series-title":"Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: interim guidance, 2 March 2020","author":"Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112349","article-title":"Diagnostic methods and potential portable biosensors for coronavirus disease 2019","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0049","unstructured":"Control BCfD. COVID-19 care\u2013lab testing. Available at: http:\/\/www.bccdc.ca\/health-professionals\/clinical-resources\/covid-19-care\/lab-testing. Accessed April 9, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0050","series-title":"PloS one","article-title":"False-negative results of initial RT-PCR assays for COVID-19: a systematic review","author":"Arevalo-Rodriguez","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2020.4.47370","article-title":"The appropriate use of testing for COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Zitek","year":"2020","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00334","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal swabs are more sensitive than oropharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 load","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104821","article-title":"Oral saliva and COVID-19","author":"Baghizadeh Fini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.09.68","article-title":"Current developments in salivary diagnostics","volume":"4","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.05.004","article-title":"Human saliva can be a diagnostic tool for Zika virus detection","volume":"12","author":"Khurshid","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.06.009","article-title":"Saliva as a diagnostic specimen for testing respiratory virus by a point-of-care molecular assay: a diagnostic validity study","volume":"25","author":"To","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3611-x","article-title":"Find the right sample: a study on the versatility of saliva and urine samples for the diagnosis of emerging viruses","volume":"18","author":"Niedrig","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02292-10","article-title":"Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques","volume":"85","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03231.x","article-title":"effect of mucosal and systemic immunization with virus-like particles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in mice","volume":"130","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75898","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075898","article-title":"Quantitative proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in different periodontal conditions","volume":"8","author":"Silva-Boghossian","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x","article-title":"High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0062","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on the diagnosis of COVID-19","author":"Hanson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045","article-title":"Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR","volume":"25","author":"Corman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0064","unstructured":"(FDA) FaDA. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes first diagnostic test using at-home collection of saliva specimens. Available at:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-diagnostic-test-using-home-collection-saliva. Accessed March 12, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30232-2","article-title":"Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0066","first-page":"ciaa851","article-title":"Impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load on risk of intubation and mortality among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"30","author":"Magleby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0112","DOI":"10.1590\/pboci.2020.126","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and saliva as a diagnostic tool: a real possibility","volume":"20","author":"IdAF","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pesquisa Brasil Odontopediatr Cl\u00edn Integ"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655321001401?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655321001401?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T05:56:51Z","timestamp":1759298211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196655321001401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196655321001401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-6553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-6553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Are saliva and deep throat sputum as reliable as common respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection? A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Infection Control","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}